Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Relationship (Pearson’s correlation coefficients) between the particle size, the content of organic matter and Pb in sediment, and depth of Czorsztyn Reservoir (N=26) and Goczałkowice Reservoir (N=26)
| Reservoir | Parameter | Silty clay fraction | Sand fraction | Organic matter | Depth | Pb |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Czorsztyn | Clay fraction | ns | -0.75 | 0.74 | 0.93 | 0.69 |
| Silty clay fraction | -0.93 | 0.69 | ns | 0.73 | ||
| Sand fraction – concentration of Pb in the 0.2-0.063 mm sand fraction; ns – statistically insignificant (level of significance p>0.05) | -0.83 | -0.61 | -0.83 | |||
| Organic Matter | 0.62 | 0.86 | ||||
| Depth | 0.60 | |||||
| Goczałkowice | Clay fraction | 0.53 | -0.70 | 0.58 | 0.75 | 0.84 |
| Silty clay fraction | -0.98 | 0.73 | ns | 0.73 | ||
| Sand fraction – concentration of Pb in the 0.2-0.063 mm sand fraction; ns – statistically insignificant (level of significance p>0.05) | -0.76 | -0.58 | -0.83 | |||
| Organic matter | ns | 0.77 | ||||
| Depth | 0.74 |
Mean Pb concentrations and values of the environmental parameters in the sediments of Czorsztyn Reservoir and Goczałkowice Reservoir in the studied clusters
| Reservoir | Cluster | Pb | Organic matter | Depth | Fraction (%) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sand | Silty clay | Clay | |||||
| Czorsztyn | I | 8.1 | 2.0 | 6.7 | 73.2 | 22.1 | 4.7 |
| II | 18.5 | 5.0 | 2.7 | 44.1 | 50.7 | 5.2 | |
| III | 20.4 | 5.3 | 12.6 | 25.2 | 61.1 | 13.6 | |
| IV | 27.4 | 8.1 | 7.3 | 7.4 | 80.3 | 12.3 | |
| V | 31.6 | 9.0 | 25.4 | 3.1 | 70.3 | 26.6 | |
| Goczałkowice | I | 15.3 | 1.5 | 2.4 | 91.5 | 6.2 | 2.2 |
| II | 23.3 | 3.9 | 3.4 | 61.9 | 30.7 | 7.5 | |
| III | 41.8 | 9.9 | 4.4 | 29.4 | 55.6 | 15.0 | |
| IV | 48.2 | 9.9 | 6.4 | 8.7 | 77.8 | 13.5 | |
Significant differences in the values of the environmental parameters and Pb concentrations in the sediments of Czorsztyn Reservoir and Goczałkowice Reservoir between the clusters (Mann-Whitney test)
| Clusters | Pb | Organic matter | Depth | Sand | Silty clay | Clay |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| significance level (p) | ||||||
| Czorsztyn Reservoir (CR) | ||||||
| I, II | 0.0201 | 0.0196 | - | 0.0201 | 0.0201 | - |
| I, III | - | - | - | 0.0253 | 0.0253 | 0.0253 |
| I, IV | 0.0339 | 0.0339 | - | 0.0339 | 0.0339 | 0.0339 |
| I, V | 0.0141 | 0.0164 | 0.0134 | 0.0140 | 0.0140 | 0.0143 |
| II, III | - | - | 0.0072 | 0.0062 | 0.0176 | 0.0062 |
| II, IV | 0.0109 | 0.0103 | 0.0121 | 0.0105 | 0.0105 | 0.0105 |
| II, V | 0.0030 | 0.0042 | 0.0015 | 0.0019 | 0.0030 | 0.0019 |
| III, IV | - | 0.0275 | - | 0.0143 | 0.0143 | - |
| III, V | 0.0083 | 0.0183 | 0.0077 | 0.0034 | 0.0281 | 0.0281 |
| IV, V | 0.0500 | - | 0.0061 | - | 0.0066 | 0.0066 |
| Goczałkowice Reservoir (GR) | ||||||
| I, II | - | 0.0085 | - | 0.0052 | 0.0054 | 0.0344 |
| I, III | 0.0087 | 0.0054 | - | 0.0053 | 0.0053 | 0.0054 |
| I, IV | 0.0209 | 0.0209 | 0.0219 | 0.0194 | 0.0202 | 0.0384 |
| II, III | 0.0041 | 0.0023 | - | 0.0003 | 0.0003 | 0.0132 |
| II, IV | 0.0055 | 0.0054 | 0.0370 | 0.0054 | 0.0054 | - |
| III, IV | - | - | - | 0.0054 | 0.0054 | - |
Mean Pb concentrations, standard deviations and the significance levels of Pb concentrations between the old Dunajec river bed and the Czorsztyn Reservoir and the old Vistula river bed and the Goczałkowice Reservoir (Mann-Whitney test)
| Reservoir | Area | N | Pb (μg∙g-1) | Significance level |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Czorsztyn | Old river bed | 7 | 29.1 ± 4.9 | 0.046 |
| Remaining area | 19 | 20.9 ± 9.4 | ||
| Goczałkowice | Old river bed | 9 | 41.7 ± 14.2 | 0.025 |
| Remaining area | 17 | 27.3 ± 12.7 |
Characteristics of Czorsztyn and Goczałkowice dam reservoirs (Mazurkiewicz-Boroń 2002; Czaplicka-Kotas 2004)
| Parameter | Czorsztyn Reservoir (CR) | Goczałkowice Reservoir (GR) |
|---|---|---|
| In operation since | 1997 | 1956 |
| Normal Water Level (NWL) | 529.0 | 257.0 |
| Capacity (million m3) | 231.9 | 166.7 |
| Surface area (km2) | 10.5 | 32 |
| Mean depth (m) | 19.0 | 5.3 |
| Max depth (m) | 46 | 14 |
| Length (km) | 11 | 12 |
| Width (km) | ca. 1 | 2-6 |
| Water exchange (times per year) | 3.3 | 1.5 |
| Water exchange (days) | 111 | 238 |
Differences in the values of environmental parameters and Pb concentrations in the sediments of Czorsztyn Reservoir and Goczałkowice Reservoir between the studied transects (Mann-Whitney test); only significant differences are noted
| Reservoir | Parameter | Transects | Z | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Czorsztyn | Pb | A-B | -2.15 | 0.031 |
| A-C | -2.17 | 0.030 | ||
| Sand fraction | A-B | 2.05 | 0.041 | |
| Silty clay fraction | A-C | -2.26 | 0.024 | |
| Organic matter | A-B | -2.05 | 0.042 | |
| A-C | -2.17 | 0.030 | ||
| Goczałkowice | Pb | E-F | 2.57 | 0.010 |
| Sand fraction | E-F | -2.05 | 0.041 | |
| Clay fraction | E-F | 3.26 | 0.001 | |
| Organic matter | E-F | 2.05 | 0.041 | |
| Depth | E-F | 2.21 | 0.027 |