Distribution and speciation of Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb and P in surface sediments of Lake Mariut, Egypt

Abdel-Satar, Amaal M.; Ali, Mohamed H.; Goher, Mohamed E.

doi:10.1515/ohs-2017-0016

Figures & Tables

Map of sediment sampling sites at Lake Mariut

Cluster diagram indicating connection of the sites

Bar diagrams indicating ICF at surficial sediments of Lake Mariut

Trend of GCF at surficial sediments of Lake Mariut

Total P and relative contribution of each organic and inorganic P fraction in Lake Mariut sediment

Phosphorus fractions concentration in Lake Mariut sediments

Relative contribution of each Inorg-P fraction to the sum of total inorganic phosphorus in Lake Mariut sediment

Physical and chemical characteristicsCited from El-Shabrawy and Goher (2011) of Lake Mariut water

Variable	Units	Value
Surface area	km²	62
Water depth	m	50-150
Altitude	m	-2.8
Natural trophic status		Hypertrophic
Transparency	cm	20-60
Salinity	PSU	2.8-4.0
Dissolved oxygen (DO)	mg l^-1	0.0-12.0
pH		7.0-8.6

Mobility factors of different metals in Lake Mariut sediment

Site	ƒ Fe	ƒ Mn	ƒ Zn	ƒ Cu	ƒPb
AQS	2.23	5.44	3.05	1.61	3.67
AQN	2.33	4.72	2.84	1.75	1.68
WBS	2.23	3.73	2.54	1.38	1.73
WBN	2.21	4.21	3.21	1.27	1.32
MBE	2.26	4.57	3.35	1.29	1.33
MBS	2.21	4.40	2.94	1.54	2.28
MBN	2.29	4.85	3.05	1.62	1.82
SBS	2.30	3.91	2.36	1.85	2.97
SBW	2.18	4.47	2.61	1.82	1.83
SBE	2.18	4.90	2.85	1.91	2.60

Canadian Sediment Quality Guidelines (μg g-1) for the protection of aquatic life (CCME, 2001)

	Freshwater		Marine
	TEL	PEL	TEL	PEL
Zn	123	315	124	271
Cu	35.7	197	18.7	108
Pb	35	91.3	30.2	112

Correlations between different phosphorus fractions in sediments

	Lsor-P	Fe-P	Al-P	Ca-P	Org -P	Inorg -P	Total-P
Available-P	1.00
Fe-P	0.21	1.00
Al-P	0.30	-0.05	1.00
Ca-P	0.57	-0.26	0.67 P < 0.05	1.00
Org -P	0.47	0.31	0.62	0.42	1.00
Inorg -P	0.60	-0.02	0.89 P < 0.01; n = 10	0.91 P < 0.01; n = 10	0.63	1.00
Total P	0.59	0.17	0.83 P < 0.01; n = 10	0.73 P < 0.05	0.91 P < 0.01; n = 10	0.90 P < 0.01; n = 10	1.00

Results of grain sizePersonal communication with Dr_ Hassan Farahat (NIOF) and the level of organic matter and carbonate for Lake Mariut sediment

Site Name	Site code	Gravel(%)	Sand(%)	Mud(%)	Type	OM Unpublished data (%)	Carbonate Unpublished data (%)
Aquaculture Basin (south)	AQS	0.00	43.70	56.30	Sandy mud	18.00	41.2
Aquaculture Basin (north)	AQN	0.05	71.71	28.24	Gravelly muddy sand	10.53	31.4
West Basin (south)	WBS	1.02	49.8	49.18	Gravelly muddy sand	10.11	49.0
West Basin (north)	WBN	2.36	67.88	29.76	Gravelly muddy sand	13.94	50.2
Main Basin (east)	MBE	0.11	72.88	27.01	Gravelly muddy sand	17.86	29.6
Main Basin (south)	MBS	0.00	72.55	27.45	Muddy sand	14.01	34.3
Main Basin (north)	MBN	0.00	65.76	34.24	Muddy sand	13.08	37.0
South Basin (south)	SBS	2.69	64.07	33.24	Gravelly muddy sand	6.26	24.7
South Basin (west)	SBW	3.05	80.51	16.44	Gravelly muddy sand	7.52	39.2
South Basin (east)	SBE	3.96	71.45	24.59	Gravelly muddy sand	5.72	25.0

Metal enrichment factors with respect to the background level in surface Mariut sediments

	Rang	SD	Mean
Mn	12.0-14.7	0.84	13.7
Zn	34.3-61.2	7.72	48.6
Cu	27.4-89.0	21.51	46.9
Pb	44.5-107.6	21.25	64.2

Sequential extraction scheme for heavy metals

Extraction step	Reactive/concentration/pH	Solid phase
1	1 M MgCl₂ (pH = 7)	Exchangeable fraction (F1)
2	1 M CH₃COONa, CH₃COOH (pH = 5)	Carbonate bound fraction (F2)
3	0.04 M NH₂OH.HCl, CH₃COOH (pH = 2, 96±3^oC)	Fe/Mn oxides bound fraction (F3)
4	H₂O₂ (HNO₃ pH = 2, 85 ±2^oC), 3M CH₃COONH₄	Organic matter and sulfide bound fraction (F4)
5	HNO₃:HClO₄ (4:1) (150^oC)	Residual fraction (F5)

Distribution of heavy metals in Lake Mariut sediment

Metal	Site	F1		F2		F3		F4		F5		TM	Recovery
Metal	Site	μg g^-1	%	μg g^-1	%	μg g^-1	%	μg g^-1	%	μg g^-1	%	μg g^-1	%
Fe	AQS	6.4	0.7	12.2	1.4	273.4	31.4	187.0	21.5	390.7	44.9	911	95.5
	AQN	6.4	0.7	12.2	1.4	298.2	32.9	200.2	22.1	388.8	42.9	898	100.9
	WBS	6.4	0.7	12.2	1.4	248.5	28.7	211.2	24.4	388.8	44.8	901	96.2
	WBN	6.4	0.8	16.1	1.9	248.5	29.5	191.0	22.7	381.1	45.2	851	99.1
	MBE	6.4	0.7	16.1	1.9	271.3	31.4	187.5	21.7	383.3	44.3	912	94.8
	MBS	6.9	0.8	16.1	1.9	271.3	31.7	174.3	20.4	387.4	45.3	909	94.2
	MBN	6.9	0.8	16.1	1.8	301.3	34.0	174.3	19.7	387.4	43.7	920	96.3
	SBS	6.4	0.7	20.2	2.3	278.2	31.9	187.0	21.5	379.3	43.5	911	95.6
	SBW	6.4	0.8	12.2	1.5	242.5	29.0	191.0	22.8	384.4	46.0	860	97.3
	SBE	9.0	1.1	12.2	1.5	242.6	28.9	191.0	22.8	384.4	45.8	858	97.8
Mn	AQS	19.31	7.77	64.00	25.76	62.62	25.21	56.84	22.88	45.65	18.38	260.3	95.5
	AQN	10.44	5.01	66.12	31.74	70.91	34.03	16.70	8.01	44.18	21.20	227.4	91.6
	WBS	17.84	7.45	69.03	28.83	71.53	29.87	16.75	7.00	64.27	26.84	248.8	96.2
	WBN	25.94	11.15	66.85	28.73	67.77	29.12	16.93	7.27	55.22	23.73	254.4	91.5
	MBE	15.13	7.55	59.93	29.91	60.21	30.05	21.22	10.59	43.89	21.90	222.4	90.1
	MBS	37.24	14.10	72.13	27.30	71.87	27.20	22.91	8.67	60.08	22.74	259.2	101.9
	MBN	25.74	9.82	70.31	26.83	68.25	26.04	43.68	16.67	54.08	20.64	255.8	102.4
	SBS	16.28	6.74	67.82	28.07	72.42	29.97	23.39	9.68	61.75	25.55	248.7	97.2
	SBW	10.12	4.13	65.33	26.67	67.30	27.48	47.36	19.34	54.83	22.39	248.0	98.8
	SBE	10.12	3.92	66.55	25.79	68.23	26.44	60.54	23.46	52.65	20.40	250.0	103.2
Zn	AQS	3.91	4.33	16.97	18.80	29.37	32.54	10.39	11.51	29.63	32.82	87.55	103.1
	AQN	4.17	5.58	10.72	14.33	28.49	38.09	5.11	6.83	26.31	35.17	80.03	93.5
	WBS	4.04	5.90	9.90	14.46	22.53	32.91	5.07	7.40	26.92	39.32	76.73	89.2
	WBN	5.67	5.63	27.47	27.26	31.11	30.88	5.08	5.04	31.42	31.19	99.45	101.3
	MBE	8.98	8.26	30.19	27.78	31.85	29.31	5.19	4.77	32.45	29.86	111.60	97.4
	MBS	5.35	7.10	15.38	20.38	23.94	31.73	5.09	6.75	25.68	34.04	83.08	90.8
	MBN	5.03	5.58	20.33	22.54	27.40	30.38	7.87	8.73	29.58	32.78	95.23	94.7
	SBS	4.36	7.86	2.57	4.64	19.78	35.65	5.28	9.52	23.49	42.34	62.45	88.8
	SBW	4.36	5.90	11.50	15.57	24.15	32.69	5.59	7.57	28.27	38.27	84.63	87.3
	SBE	5.61	6.31	15.86	17.82	29.14	32.74	7.20	8.09	31.18	35.04	86.78	102.6
Cu	AQS	1.39	4.51	3.16	10.27	3.62	11.79	3.52	11.46	19.05	61.97	28.30	108.6
	AQN	0.41	1.92	2.74	12.92	3.31	15.64	2.59	12.22	12.14	57.30	24.73	85.7
	WBS	0.73	1.96	3.31	8.93	3.48	9.39	2.70	7.28	26.86	72.45	43.05	86.1
	WBN	1.40	2.33	4.60	7.66	3.90	6.49	2.82	4.70	47.33	78.83	58.13	103.3
	MBE	1.18	1.55	7.02	9.27	4.22	5.57	4.43	5.84	58.88	77.77	73.05	103.6
	MBS	0.74	1.97	5.69	15.20	3.80	10.15	2.85	7.62	24.34	65.06	43.85	85.3
	MBN	0.63	1.78	6.49	18.46	3.72	10.59	2.64	7.52	21.66	61.64	40.00	87.9
	SBS	0.45	2.24	2.40	11.91	3.78	18.77	2.64	13.14	10.85	53.94	22.50	89.4
	SBW	0.28	1.37	2.75	13.65	3.07	15.25	2.97	14.76	11.07	54.97	21.70	92.8
	SBE	0.87	4.19	2.61	12.55	3.49	16.82	2.94	14.17	10.85	52.28	22.53	92.1
Pb	AQS	1.51	9.90	5.48	35.83	2.29	15.00	1.84	12.03	4.16	27.24	18.02	84.9
	AQN	1.51	6.06	5.09	20.36	1.84	7.36	1.64	6.58	14.90	59.64	23.82	104.9
	WBS	1.00	6.56	1.78	11.70	1.58	10.41	2.03	13.41	8.79	57.93	16.02	94.7
	WBN	2.16	6.68	1.91	5.89	1.71	5.27	2.16	6.68	24.45	75.48	31.82	101.8
	MBE	1.78	5.27	1.97	5.85	2.36	7.00	2.29	6.81	25.29	75.07	39.26	85.8
	MBS	1.97	8.63	6.71	29.39	2.30	10.05	1.84	8.05	10.02	43.88	26.04	87.7
	MBN	2.10	11.60	2.36	13.03	1.90	10.52	1.78	9.81	9.96	55.04	20.42	88.6
	SBS	1.78	10.78	5.02	30.49	2.03	12.33	2.10	12.76	5.54	33.64	18.22	90.4
	SBW	2.03	11.97	1.78	10.44	1.84	10.82	2.03	11.97	9.31	54.79	19.80	85.8
	SBE	1.71	12.72	2.30	17.11	2.23	16.59	2.03	15.15	5.16	38.43	15.78	85.0

Distribution and speciation of Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb and P in surface sediments of Lake Mariut, Egypt

Figures & Tables

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Figure 7

Physical and chemical characteristicsCited from El-Shabrawy and Goher (2011) of Lake Mariut water

Mobility factors of different metals in Lake Mariut sediment

Canadian Sediment Quality Guidelines (μg g-1) for the protection of aquatic life (CCME, 2001)

Correlations between different phosphorus fractions in sediments

Results of grain sizePersonal communication with Dr_ Hassan Farahat (NIOF) and the level of organic matter and carbonate for Lake Mariut sediment

Metal enrichment factors with respect to the background level in surface Mariut sediments

Sequential extraction scheme for heavy metals

Distribution of heavy metals in Lake Mariut sediment

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