The impact of amur sleeper (Perccottus glenii Dybowsky, 1877) on the riverine ecosystem: food selectivity of amur sleeper in a recently colonized river

Marius Andrei Rau; Gabriel Plavan; Stefan Adrian Strungaru; Mircea Nicoara; Pablo Rodriguez-Lozano; Alin Mihu-Pintilie; Dorel Ureche; Piotr Klimaszyk

doi:10.1515/ohs-2017-0010

Figures & Tables

Sampling sites for Amur Sleeper in the Siret River, Romania

Feeding strategy displayed by the Costello (1990) graphic method for Amur sleeper in relation size classes – A (< 70 mm Sl) and B ( ≥ 70 mm Sl)
Acronyms used to abbreviate the macroinvertebrate groups, genus or species binomial nomenclature: ase – Asellus aquaticus; bae – Baetis spp.; cae – Caenis spp.; cer – Ceratopogonidae; chi – Chironomidae; coe – Coenagrion puella; cbi – Cricotopus bicinctus; cor – Corixa spp.; ctr – Cricotopus triannulatus; dia – Diamesa sp.; dyt – Dytiscus spp.; elo – Elophila spp.; erp – Erpobdella octoculata; fag – Fagotia esperi; for – Forcipomyinae; gom – Gomphus spp.; hal – Haliplus spp.; hcu -Hydrovatus cuspidatus; hel – Helobdella stagnalis; hyd – Hydropsyche spp.; ind – indeterminate; lym – Lymnaea spp.; mel – Meladema spp.; oli – Oligochaeta; ost – Ostracoda; phy – Physa acuta; pis – Pisidium spp.; psy – Psychodidae; set – Setodes spp.; sim – Simpetrum spp.; str – Stratiomyidae; tip – Tipula spp.; trr – Terrestrial macroinvertebrates; val – Valvatidae — Feeding strategy displayed by the Costello (1990) graphic method for Amur sleeper in relation size classes – A (< 70 mm Sl) and B ( ≥ 70 mm Sl) Acronyms used to abbreviate the macroinvertebrate groups, genus or species binomial nomenclature: ase – Asellus aquaticus; bae – Baetis spp.; cae – Caenis spp.; cer – Ceratopogonidae; chi – Chironomidae; coe – Coenagrion puella; cbi – Cricotopus bicinctus; cor – Corixa spp.; ctr – Cricotopus triannulatus; dia – Diamesa sp.; dyt – Dytiscus spp.; elo – Elophila spp.; erp – Erpobdella octoculata; fag – Fagotia esperi; for – Forcipomyinae; gom – Gomphus spp.; hal – Haliplus spp.; hcu -Hydrovatus cuspidatus; hel – Helobdella stagnalis; hyd – Hydropsyche spp.; ind – indeterminate; lym – Lymnaea spp.; mel – Meladema spp.; oli – Oligochaeta; ost – Ostracoda; phy – Physa acuta; pis – Pisidium spp.; psy – Psychodidae; set – Setodes spp.; sim – Simpetrum spp.; str – Stratiomyidae; tip – Tipula spp.; trr – Terrestrial macroinvertebrates; val – Valvatidae

Feeding strategy displayed by the Costello (1990) graphic method for Amur sleeper in relation to sampling sites – Galbeni (n=132), Cleja (n=152), Răcăciuni (n=65) Acronyms used to abbreviate the macroinvertebrate groups, genus or species binomial nomenclature – see Fig. 2

Redundancy analysis (RDA) of the relationship between Amur sleeper food composition and fish morphology (weight, length and width) and environmental parameters (characteristics of the bottom substrate: rocks, mud, gravel, sand and the prevailing type of vegetation) Acronyms used to abbreviate the macroinvertebrate groups, genus or species binomial nomenclature – see Fig. 2

Traits-based analysis for the total content of P_ glenii gut size classes

Traits	Categories	Total		< 70 mm		≥ 70 mm
Traits	Categories
		mean	SE	mean	SE	mean	SE
Potential size of the prey	0.5-1 cm	28.71	1.31	31.79	1.94	25.06	1.64
	1-2 cm	61.89	1.49	58.02	2.16	66.46	1.94
	2-4 cm	5.25	0.53	5.78	0.84	4.62	0.56
	4-8 cm	0.53	0.13	0.39	0.15	0.70	0.22
	5-25 cm	3.60	0.47	4.01	0.76	3.13	0.47

Locomotion and substrate relation	Flier	0.70	0.11	0.33	0.11	1.14	0.20
	Surface swimmer	0.22	0.06	0.19	0.08	0.25	0.10
	Full water swimmer	15.71	0.79	15.96	1.01	15.42	1.23
	Crawler	51.04	0.54	51.47	0.65	50.53	0.89
	Burrower	4.98	0.41	4.74	0.57	5.26	0.58
	Interstitial	22.91	0.62	22.32	0.86	23.61	0.90
	Temporarily attached	4.44	0.38	5.00	0.57	3.79	0.49
	Permanently attached	0.05	0.02	0.01	0.01	0.10	0.05

Food	Microorganisms	0.22	0.04	0.30	0.07	0.13	0.03
	Detritus < 1mm	19.35	0.38	20.52	0.55	17.96	0.50
	Dead plant ≥ 1mm	27.95	0.81	26.16	1.11	30.06	1.15
	Living microphytes Living macrophytes	26.92 14.40	0.52 0.28	28.38 14.16	0.79 0.44	25.20 14.70	0.63 0.31
	Dead animal ≥ 1mm	3.86	0.23	3.82	0.32	3.91	0.33
	Living microinvertebrates	3.87	0.28	3.24	0.33	4.61	0.46
	Living macroinvertebrates	3.34	0.34	3.29	0.45	3.39	0.52
	Vertebrates	0.09	0.05	0.13	0.08	0.05	0.04

Feeding habits	Absorber	0.02	0.01	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.01
	Deposit feeder	11.86	0.51	13.85	0.77	9.50	0.61
	Shredder	47.41	1.89	42.88	2.67	52.76	2.60
	Scraper	27.43	1.28	30.88	1.93	23.36	1.56
	Filter-feeder	5.18	0.45	5.30	0.66	5.04	0.60
	Piercer	2.50	0.41	1.19	0.41	4.03	0.74
	Predator	3.78	0.47	3.70	0.73	3.86	0.57
	Parasite	1.83	0.15	2.17	0.22	1.43	0.19

Substrate	Boulders/pebbles	13.52	0.35	14.83	0.51	11.96	0.45
	Gravel	8.35	0.14	8.86	0.20	7.74	0.19
	Sand	6.82	0.11	7.23	0.15	6.34	0.15
	Silt	1.92	0.16	2.20	0.24	1.59	0.18
	Macrophytes	30.83	0.41	30.04	0.57	31.75	0.57
	Microphytes	8.11	0.34	7.37	0.49	8.99	0.47
	Twigs/roots	12.43	0.19	12.78	0.28	12.02	0.23
	Organic detritus/litter	12.19	0.30	10.75	0.36	13.90	0.46
	mud	5.84	0.21	5.95	0.33	5.70	0.25

Current velocity	Null	36.95	0.99	34.00	1.52	40.44	1.15
	Slow	38.29	0.45	37.29	0.65	39.48	0.61
	Medium	15.00	0.77	17.25	1.18	12.33	0.91
	Fast	9.76	0.51	11.46	0.78	7.75	0.59

Tendency to drift in the water column	None	2.22	0.39	1.78	0.62	2.73	0.43
	Weak	31.91	0.90	31.27	1.43	32.68	0.99
	Medium	41.59	0.46	40.46	0.66	42.92	0.63
	High	24.28	0.80	26.49	1.27	21.67	0.86

Tendency to drift at the water surface	None	9.00	0.77	6.32	0.93	12.17	1.21
	Weak	56.85	1.69	54.12	2.46	60.08	2.24
	Medium	22.44	1.02	25.93	1.51	18.33	1.23
	High	11.71	0.67	13.64	1.04	9.42	0.76

Trajectory on the bottom substrate or in the drift	None	18.20	0.98	19.67	1.45	16.46	1.26
	Linear	38.28	0.96	34.64	1.37	42.57	1.26
	By random	22.71	0.71	21.13	1.03	24.59	0.92
	Oscillatory	20.81	1.05	24.56	1.51	16.38	1.34

Movement frequency	Continuous	66.29	1.44	60.11	2.11	73.58	1.73
Movement frequency	Discontinuous	33.71	1.44	39.89	2.11	26.42	1.73

Diel drift behavior	None	9.42	0.70	9.18	1.00	9.69	0.97
	Nocturnal	31.72	0.68	29.91	0.95	33.86	0.94
	Dawn	21.75	0.24	22.29	0.37	21.11	0.29
	Daylight	13.93	0.43	14.81	0.63	12.90	0.55
	Dusk	23.17	0.28	23.79	0.43	22.44	0.33

Agility	None (sluggish)	5.16	0.68	4.36	0.99	6.10	0.90
	Weak	26.34	0.82	25.48	1.28	27.35	0.95
	High	68.50	0.96	70.16	1.47	66.55	1.14

Aggregation tendency	Weak	30.15	0.37	30.14	0.51	30.16	0.53
Aggregation tendency	High	69.85	0.37	69.86	0.51	69.84	0.53
Concealment	Fixed accessory	0.76	0.20	0.66	0.31	0.88	0.24
	Movable accessory	6.38	0.53	7.57	0.80	4.97	0.66
	Solidly colored	64.40	0.36	64.81	0.53	63.92	0.49
	Variable	12.02	0.44	10.03	0.59	14.37	0.61
	Patterned	16.44	0.42	16.93	0.64	15.86	0.52

Body shape	Cylindrical	60.18	1.50	66.32	2.14	52.93	1.93
	Spherical	1.35	0.25	0.32	0.17	2.56	0.49
	Conical	2.98	0.50	3.22	0.76	2.68	0.63
	Flattened	35.49	1.48	30.13	2.11	41.82	1.92
	Hydrodynamic	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00

Body flexibility	None	8.58	0.91	5.53	1.08	12.19	1.47
	Weak	25.79	0.70	24.85	0.98	26.90	1.00
	High	65.63	0.93	69.62	1.25	60.91	1.29

Morphological defences	Cerci, silk, spine	18.79	1.12	21.39	1.75	15.72	1.27
Morphological defences	None	81.21	1.12	78.61	1.75	84.28	1.27

Mean frequencies and proportions of each taxa in the total content of P_ glenii gut size classes

	Total		< 70 mm Sl		≥ 70 mm Sl

	Frequency	Proportion	Frequency	Proportion	Frequency	Proportion
ase	75.08	43.90	66.26	38.19	85.51	50.22
bae	59.47	26.98	58.90	30.92	60.14	22.32
chi	44.19	17.48	47.24	21.09	40.58	13.22
cor	11.30	2.71	1.84	0.55	22.46	5.15
phy	11.30	1.85	11.04	2.23	11.59	1.30
val	8.31	1.33	1.84	0.74	15.94	1.93
hyd	8.64	1.23	6.13	1.13	11.59	1.36
hal	3.99	0.76	4.91	1.05	2.90	0.42
ind	3.65	0.56	3.07	0.50	4.35	0.63
tip	4.32	0.43	1.84	0.22	7.25	0.68
erp	1.00	0.38	1.23	0.64	0.72	0.08
coe	4.65	0.37	2.45	0.22	7.25	0.56
lym	1.66	0.34	1.84	0.33	1.45	0.35
cae	1.33	0.28	1.84	0.48	0.72	0.04
elo	2.33	0.26	1.23	0.22	3.62	0.29
sim	0.66	0.23	0.00	0.00	1.45	0.51
psy	1.66	0.15	1.23	0.17	2.17	0.12
ost	0.33	0.13	0.61	0.25	0.00	0.00
dyt	1.00	0.09	1.23	0.12	0.72	0.04
oli	1.00	0.08	0.61	0.09	1.45	0.07
pis	0.66	0.07	0.61	0.10	0.72	0.04
cer	1.00	0.07	1.23	0.07	0.72	0.07
trr	1.00	0.07	0.61	0.03	1.45	0.12
set	0.33	0.07	0.00	0.00	0.72	0.14
hcu	0.33	0.04	0.00	0.00	0.72	0.09
gom	0.33	0.03	0.00	0.00	0.72	0.07
fag	0.33	0.03	0.00	0.00	0.72	0.07
mel	0.66	0.03	0.61	0.02	0.72	0.04
str	0.33	0.02	0.00	0.00	0.72	0.05
hel	0.33	0.02	0.61	0.03	0.00	0.00
for	0.33	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.72	0.03

Mean frequencies and proportions of each taxa at each sampling site – Galbeni (n=132), Cleja (n=152), Răcăciuni (n=65)

	Total		Galbeni		Cleja		Răcăciuni

	F	P	F	P	F	P	F	P
ase	75.08	43.90	73.60	40.58	76.58	56.15	75.38	29.36
bae	59.47	26.98	61.60	26.98	43.24	15.28	83.08	46.96
chi	44.19	17.48	53.60	22.12	41.44	19.85	30.77	4.50
cor	11.30	2.71	8.80	1.81	5.41	0.76	26.15	7.76
phy	11.30	1.85	23.20	4.25	3.60	0.21	1.54	0.04
val	8.31	1.33	4.80	0.41	6.31	1.39	18.46	3.00
hyd	8.64	1.23	4.80	0.50	5.41	1.35	21.54	2.44
hal	3.99	0.76	4.00	0.37	6.31	1.65	0.00	0.00
ind	3.65	0.56	4.80	0.67	0.90	0.06	6.15	1.20
tip	4.32	0.43	3.20	0.27	4.50	0.65	6.15	0.36
erp	1.00	0.38	1.60	0.13	0.90	0.90	0.00	0.00
coe	4.65	0.37	6.40	0.55	4.50	0.38	1.54	0.04
lym	1.66	0.34	2.40	0.43	0.90	0.30	1.54	0.22
cae	1.33	0.28	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	6.15	1.29
elo	2.33	0.26	2.40	0.33	3.60	0.33	0.00	0.00
sim	0.66	0.23	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	3.08	1.08
psy	1.66	0.15	0.00	0.00	0.90	0.23	6.15	0.30
ost	0.33	0.13	0.80	0.32	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
dyt	1.00	0.09	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	4.62	0.39
oli	1.00	0.08	0.00	0.00	0.90	0.13	3.08	0.15
pis	0.66	0.07	0.00	0.00	0.90	0.15	1.54	0.08
cer	1.00	0.07	1.60	0.15	0.00	0.00	1.54	0.04
trr	1.00	0.07	0.00	0.00	2.70	0.19	0.00	0.00
set	0.33	0.07	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	1.54	0.31
hcu	0.33	0.04	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	1.54	0.19
gom	0.33	0.03	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	1.54	0.15
fag	0.33	0.03	0.80	0.07	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
mel	0.66	0.03	0.00	0.00	0.90	0.05	1.54	0.04
str	0.33	0.02	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	1.54	0.10
hel	0.33	0.02	0.80	0.04	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
for	0.33	0.01	0.80	0.03	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00

The impact of amur sleeper (Perccottus glenii Dybowsky, 1877) on the riverine ecosystem: food selectivity of amur sleeper in a recently colonized river

Figures & Tables

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Traits-based analysis for the total content of P_ glenii gut size classes

Mean frequencies and proportions of each taxa in the total content of P_ glenii gut size classes

Mean frequencies and proportions of each taxa at each sampling site – Galbeni (n=132), Cleja (n=152), Răcăciuni (n=65)

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