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Long-term changes in water quality and ecological status of lakes in the Wielkopolska National Park and its buffer zone with special reference to effectiveness of the lakes’ protection Cover

Long-term changes in water quality and ecological status of lakes in the Wielkopolska National Park and its buffer zone with special reference to effectiveness of the lakes’ protection

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies
Volume 45 (2016): Issue 4 (December 2016)
By: Agnieszka E. Ławniczak  
Open Access
|Dec 2016

Figures & Tables

Figure 1

Location of the lakes in the Wielkopolska National Park and its buffer zone Explanations: 1 – Tomickie, 2 – Trzcielińskie, 3 – Wielkowiejskie, 4 – Dębno, 5 – Bochenek, 6 – Lipno, 7 – Witobelskie, 8 – Łódzko-Dymaczewskie, 9 – Skrzynka, 10 – Góreckie, 11 – Kociołek, 12 – Budzyńskie, 13 – Konarzewskie, 14 – Chmęcicko-Rosnowskie, 15 – Małe, 16 – Jarosławieckie lakes
Location of the lakes in the Wielkopolska National Park and its buffer zone Explanations: 1 – Tomickie, 2 – Trzcielińskie, 3 – Wielkowiejskie, 4 – Dębno, 5 – Bochenek, 6 – Lipno, 7 – Witobelskie, 8 – Łódzko-Dymaczewskie, 9 – Skrzynka, 10 – Góreckie, 11 – Kociołek, 12 – Budzyńskie, 13 – Konarzewskie, 14 – Chmęcicko-Rosnowskie, 15 – Małe, 16 – Jarosławieckie lakes

Figure 2

Distribution of the analyzed lakes in the Wielkopolska National Park and its buffer zone in the system of the first two principal components (PC1 and PC2) based on surface water parameters
Distribution of the analyzed lakes in the Wielkopolska National Park and its buffer zone in the system of the first two principal components (PC1 and PC2) based on surface water parameters

Figure 3

Correlations between the first two principal components PCA1 and PCA2 of physicochemical parameters of the studied lakes. Explanations: 1 – pH, 2 – oxygen conc., 3 – temp., 4 – hardness, 5 – conductivity, 6 – alkalinity, 7 – soluble reactive phosphorus, 8 – total phosphorus, 9 – nitrite, 10 – nitrate, 11 – ammonium, 12 – Kjeldahl nitrogen, 13 – total nitrogen, 14 – sulfates, 15 – chlorides, 16 – calcium, 17 – magnesium, 18 – COD
Correlations between the first two principal components PCA1 and PCA2 of physicochemical parameters of the studied lakes. Explanations: 1 – pH, 2 – oxygen conc., 3 – temp., 4 – hardness, 5 – conductivity, 6 – alkalinity, 7 – soluble reactive phosphorus, 8 – total phosphorus, 9 – nitrite, 10 – nitrate, 11 – ammonium, 12 – Kjeldahl nitrogen, 13 – total nitrogen, 14 – sulfates, 15 – chlorides, 16 – calcium, 17 – magnesium, 18 – COD

Figure 4

Variations of the soluble reactive phosphates in the studied lakes in 2012 Explanations: midpoint – mean; whiskers – standard error
Variations of the soluble reactive phosphates in the studied lakes in 2012 Explanations: midpoint – mean; whiskers – standard error

Figure 5

Variations of the total phosphorus in the studied lakes in 2012 Explanations: midpoint – mean; whiskers – standard error
Variations of the total phosphorus in the studied lakes in 2012 Explanations: midpoint – mean; whiskers – standard error

Figure 6

Variations of the ammonium in the studied lakes in 2012 Explanations: midpoint – mean; whiskers – standard error
Variations of the ammonium in the studied lakes in 2012 Explanations: midpoint – mean; whiskers – standard error

Figure 7

Variations of the nitrate in the studied lakes in 2012 Explanations: midpoint – mean; whiskers – standard error
Variations of the nitrate in the studied lakes in 2012 Explanations: midpoint – mean; whiskers – standard error

Figure 8

Changes in water quality presented as Carlson TSI index in four periods
Changes in water quality presented as Carlson TSI index in four periods

Morphometric parameters of the studied lakes

LakeArea (ha)Volume (thou. m

– Ławniczak et al. 2013

)		Coastline length (m)Maximum depth (m)Mean depth (m)Location
Górecko-Budzyňska trough
Góreckie

– according to IMGW 2010;

99.88872.8819016.88.8WPN
Skrzynka

– according to IMGW 2010;

1.733.55753.32WPN
Kociołek

– according to IMGW 2010;

4.2156.87847.43.7WPN
Budzyńskie

– according to IMGW 2010;

13.5224.728963.51.7WPN
Witobelsko-Dymaczewska trough
Tomickie

– Ławniczak et al. 2011;

38.7429.533401.71.1buffer zone
Wielkowiejskie

– according to IMGW 2010;

15.4260.381904.51.7WPN
Witobelskie

– according to IMGW 2010;

97.53550.651785.33.6WPN
Łódzko-Dymaczewskie

– according to IMGW 2010;

1277473926312.75.9WPN
Rosnowsko-Jarosławiecka trough
Konarzewskie

– Ławniczak et al. 2013

2.588.59886.83.5buffer zone
Chomęcicko-Rosnowskie

– according to IMGW 2010;

41.21902.8719311.24.6WPN
Małe

– Ławniczak et al. 2013

6.611616854.71.8WPN
Jarosławieckie

– according to IMGW 2010;

12.7464.423276.23.6WPN
trough of lakes Dębno-Lipno
Dębno

– Ławniczak et al. 2013

191470263012.77.7buffer zone
Bochenek

– Ławniczak et al. 2013

31398257.64.6buffer zone
Lipno

– Ławniczak et al. 2013

7.8321145010.14.1buffer zone

Results of two-way ANOVA testing the differences in water physicochemical parameters measured in 2012 among the studied lakes and sampling layers (surface and bottom)

ParametersType of transformationLakeSampling layerLake*Sampling layer
dF = 14dF = 1dF = 14
Phosphates (mg PO43−–P dm−3)square root5.67

p<0.001;

16.73

p<0.001;

2.91

p<0.05 and ns p>0.05.

Total phosphorus (mg PO43−–P dm−3)3.75

p<0.01;

16.23

p<0.001;

1.86ns
Nitrites (mg NO2−–N dm−3)0.29ns0.58ns0.22ns
Nitrates (mg NO3−–N dm−3)1.27ns0.13ns1.14ns
Ammonium (mg NH4+–N dm−3)2.90

p<0.05 and ns p>0.05.

33.23

p<0.001;

2.67

p<0.05 and ns p>0.05.

Kjeldahl nitrogen (mg N dm−3)1.33ns0.55ns0.70ns
Total nitrogen (mg N dm−3)1.28ns4.42

p<0.05 and ns p>0.05.

1.14ns
Sulfates (mg SO42− dm−3)-4.35

p<0.05 and ns p>0.05.

0.54ns0.56ns
Magnesium (mg Mg2+ dm−3)ln3.80

p<0.01;

0.26ns0.58ns
COD (mg O2 dm−3)-9.38

p<0.001;

41.07

p<0.001;

6.28

p<0.001;

Chlorides (mg Cl− dm−3)25.89

p<0.001;

16.18

p<0.001;

3.35

p<0.01;

Calcium (mg Ca2+ dm−3)17.91

p<0.001;

0.00ns0.76ns
Oxygen (mg O2 dm−3)0.93ns48.86

p<0.001;

0.90ns

Ecological status of the lakes located in the Wielkopolska National Park and its buffer zone

LakeChlorophyll a (µg dm−3)ESMISEEcological status based onEcological status of the lake
biological parameterhydro-morphological parametersphysico-chemical parameters

– based on the total P value as a determining factor;

Góreckie9.620.298IIImoderateI<IImoderate
Kociołek5.20.573IIgoodI=IIgood
Skrzynka8.810.347IIImoderateI<IImoderate
Budzyńskie2.060.845Ivery goodI<IIgood
Konarzewskie13.260.242

– expert evaluation;

Vbad<I<IIbad
Chomęcicko-Rosnowskie15.000.462IIImoderate<I<IImoderate
Małe3.850.503

– dominance of C. demersum

IIImoderate<I<IImoderate
Jarosławieckie2.410.554IIgood<I<IImoderate
Tomickie21.230.092IVpoor<I<IIpoor
Wielkowiejskie8.370.489

– more than 25% of the littoral zone covered by charophytes;

Ivery goodI<IIgood
Witobelskie28.070.268

– absence of submerge macrophytes;

Vbad<I<IIbad
Łódzko-Dymaczewskie35.700.464

– absence of submerge macrophytes;

VbadI<IIbad
Dębno5.370.731

– expert evaluation;

IIgood<I<IImoderate
Bochenek25.430.284IIImoderateI<IIpoor
Lipno26.900.52

– absence of submerge macrophytes;

Vbad<I<IIbad
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/ohs-2016-0044 | Journal eISSN: 1897-3191 | Journal ISSN: 1730-413X
Journal RSS Feed
Language: English
Page range: 524 - 538
Submitted on: Dec 3, 2016
|
Accepted on: Mar 3, 2016
|
Published on: Dec 14, 2016
Published by: University of Gdańsk
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year
Keywords:
Carlson index,
macrophytes,
physicochemical parameters,
hydromorphology,
alternative stable states
Related subjects:
Chemistry,
Chemistry, other,
Geosciences,
Geosciences, other,
Life sciences,
Life sciences, other

© 2016 Agnieszka E. Ławniczak, published by University of Gdańsk
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

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