Figure 1
Map of the study area
Figure 2
GPS-supported map of the study stations in the Dardanelles and Marmara Sea
Figure 3
Wide-angle photo of Polycyathus muellerae showing the measured diameters of the coral colony in situ (D1: Width 1; D2: Width 2; H: Height of the colony from the substrate level)
Figure 4
Skeleton image of Madracis pharensis under a microscope. Calix, Septa, Columella, Coralites and Coenosteum structure around the corallites. (Ca: calix, Se: septa, Col: columella, Cor: corallites, Co: coenosteum)
Figure 5
Skeleton images of Cladocora caespitosa under a microscope. Calix, Septa, Columella (left), adjacent corallites, coenosteum part behind the corallites (middle) and theca structure (right). (Ca: calix, Se: septa, Col: columella, Cor: corallites, Co: coenosteum, the: theca)
Figure 6
Skeleton image of Caryophyllia smithii under a microscope. Calix, Columella (left), septa (middle) and theca (right) structure of corallite. (Ca: calix, Se: septa, Col: columella, Cor: corallites, the: theca)
Figure 7
Skeleton image of Caryophyllia inornata. Calix, columella, septa, palus (left) and theca structure of corallite (right). (Ca: calix, Se: septa, Col: columella, Cor: corallites, the: theca, pa: palus)
Figure 8
Skeleton image of Paracyathus pulchellus. Calix (left), columella, septa, palus (middle) and theca structure of corallite (right). (Ca: calix, Se: septa, Col: columella, Cor: corallites, the: theca, pa: palus)
Figure 9
Skeleton image of Polycyathus muellerae. Calix, septa, palus (left), columella, theca (middle two) and colony structure of corallites (right). (Ca: calix, Se: septa, Col: columella, Cor: corallites, the: theca, pa: palus)
Figure 10
Skeleton image of Phyllangia mouchezii. Calix (left), septa, columella (two middle) and theca structure of corallite (right). (Ca: calix, Se: septa, Col: columella, Cor: corallites, the: theca)
Figure 11
Skeleton image of Balanophyllia europaea. Calix, septa (left), columella (two middle) and theca structure of corallite (right). (Ca: calix, Se: septa, Col: columella, Cor: corallites, the: theca)
Figure 12
Skeleton image of Leptopsammia pruvoti. Calix, columella, septa (left), columella (middle left), juvenile corallite (middle right) and theca structure of corallite (right). (Ca: calix, Se: septa, Col: columella, Cor: corallites, the: theca)
Figure 13
Dominance values of solitary and colonial corals
Figure 14
Frequency of coral species evaluated over stations
Figure 15
Depth-related distribution of the total mean number of individuals of solitary corals and the total number of colonies in colonial corals
Figure 16
Similarity between the scleractinian species in relation to the sampling stations (Bray-Curtis index)
Figure 17
A: Correspondence analysis of solitary coral species with replicated quadrats in relation to stations/depth. Only stations with more than two species were assessed, while stations with only one species were excluded from the assessment. B: Correspondence analysis of colonial coral species in relation to stations/depth. (a,b,c,d,e,f: Depth ranges; the numbers with letters as “1,2,3,4”: replicate numbers)
Table 1
Colonial corals, morphological diameters and coral cover values assessed per station
| Mean±SE (Range) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Madracis pharensis | ||||||
| Station 1 | 674.5±329.5 (345-1004) | 2850±550 (2300-3400) | 285.3±87.15 (198-372) | 77±1 (76-78) | 37.5±7.5 (30-45) | 6±1 (5-7) |
| Station 45 | 761±41 (720-802) | 2340±400 (1900-2700) | 70.09±12.31 (57-82) | 64±4 (60-68) | 36±4 (32-40) | 3±1 (2-4) |
| Cladocora caespitosa | ||||||
| Station 1 | 112±17 (16-300) | 630±150 (80-2100) | 4.979±0.384 (2.81-9.9) | 29.83±3.113 (17-61) | 19.28±2.15 (10-39) | 9.17±1.17 (2-19) |
| Station 2 | 214±84 (64-355) | 520±100 (350-710) | 2.873±0.576 (2.1-4) | 26.67±2.96 (21-31) | 19.23±1.86 (17-23) | 8.33±2.33 (4-12) |
| Station 3 | 251±19 (67-1000) | 2400±140 (570-6900) | 5.412±0.185 (2.64-10.14) | 56.77±1.59 (30-96) | 41.31±1.38 (19-72) | 8.4±0.35 (3-20) |
| Station 4* | 112 (112) | 300 (300) | 3.43 (3.43) | 26 (26) | 14 (14) | 5 (5) |
| Station 20 | 1518±1408 (110-2925) | 1240±1160 (80-2400) | 5.48±1.22 (4.26-6.69) | 31±32.5 (23-54) | 28±25.5 (10-46) | 14±14.1 (4-24) |
| Station 24* | 78 (78) | 800 (800) | 5.54 (5.54) | 30 (30) | 27 (27) | 8 (8) |
| Station 41* | 23 (23) | 100 (100) | 3.44 (3.44) | 15 (15) | 7 (7) | 3 (3) |
| Polycyathus muellerae | ||||||
| Station 1 | 73±12 (19-270) | 610±170 (100-4600) | 4.082±0.35 (1.9-8.6) | 20.69±2.18 (9-60) | 28.54±2.65 (13-78) | 5.11±0.5 (2-11) |
| Station 2 | 71±12 (32-136) | 240±50 (140-600) | 4.537±0.422 (1.8-5.75) | 10.44±1.21 (7-18) | 22.78±2.17 (18-34) | 5.67±1.08 (2-11) |
| Station 21* | 40 (40) | 100 (100) | 3.1 (3.1) | 8 (8) | 21 (21) | 3 (3) |
| Station 45 | 228±52 (30-1600) | 7540±4220 (90-151000) | 3.585±0.152 (1.94-5.6) | 47.7±9.74 (6-345) | 66.4±13.5 (15-440) | 6.56±0.61 (2-17) |
| Station 51* | 90 (90) | 700 (700) | 4.66 (4.66) | 30 (30) | 26 (26) | 6 (6) |
| Station 52* | 40 (40) | 100 (100) | 3.51 (3.51) | 10 (10) | 15 (15) | 2 (2) |
| Station 56* | 140 (140) | 1200 (1200) | 4.4 (4.4) | 30 (30) | 40 (40) | 4 (4) |
| Station 103 | 37±7 (23-55) | 20±3 (10-30) | 3.105±0.434 (2.17-4.21) | 4.75±0.47 (4-6) | 5.5±0.95 (4-8) | 3.5±0.28 (3-4) |
| Station 104* | 46 (46) | 200 (200) | 4.88 (4.88) | 10 (10) | 20 (20) | 4 (4) |
| Station 108 | 212±176 (36-388) | 950±850 (100-180) | 4.045±0.205 (3.84-4.25) | 19±5 (14-24) | 43.5±31.5 (12-75) | 7.5±4.5 (3-12) |
| Station 109* | 41 (41) | 400 (400) | 2.23 (2.23) | 22 (22) | 21 (21) | 4 (4) |
| Station 110* | 86 (86) | 900 (900) | 3.24 (3.24) | 22 (22) | 41 (41) | 4 (4) |
| Station 117 | 108±21 (10-423) | 510±100 (30-1700) | 4.66±0.219 3.12-6.22 | 16.29±2.33 5-54 | 19.95±1.99 7-40 | 4.04±0.51 2-12 |
| Station 140* | 12 (12) | 20 (20) | 1.68 (1.68) | 4 (4) | 7 (7) | 4 (4) |
| Phyllangia mouchezii | ||||||
| Station 2* | 210 (210) | 2000 (2000) | 17 (17) | 41 (0-41) | 55 (0-55) | 21 (0-21) |
TNC: The total mean Number of Corallites in colonies (decimals integrated). *Since only one coral colony was found at one station, these values were excluded from the calculations of mean. Mean dimensions were calculated according to the total value of 10 corallites per station. (Length: largest diameter D1; Width: lowest diameter D2; Height: height of a colony from the substrate level. Please refer Fig. 3)
Table 2
Solitary corals, morphological diameters calculated per station
| Mean±SE (Range) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Caryophyllia smithii | ||||
| Station 6* | 18 (18) | 28.53 (28.53) | 0.65±0.15 (0.5-0.8) | 1.2±0.2 (1-1.4) |
| Station 27* | 18 (18) | 10.42 (10.42) | 0.34±0.05 (0.15-0.5) | 0.96±0.06 (0.6-1.2) |
| Station 103* | 18 (18) | 15.63 (15.63) | 0.59±0.03 (0.4-0.9) | 0.76±0.05 (0.5-1.2) |
| Station 140 | 96±128 (6-187) | 18.43±11.78 (10.1-26.76) | 1.87±0.11 (1.69-2.1) | 1.67±0.19 (1.4-1.8) |
| Station 141* | 31 (31) | 24.66 (24.66) | 1.74±0.09 (1.59-1.82) | 1.56±0.06 (1.5-1.7) |
| Station 142* | 131 (131) | 8.24 (8.24) | 1.92±0.11 (1.69-2.1) | 1.64±0.15 (1.5-1.8) |
| Caryophyllia inornata | ||||
| Station 1* | 6 (6) | 2.49±0.67 (2.01-2.97) | 0.65±0.15 (0.5-0.8) | 1.2±0.2 (1-1.4) |
| Station 45 | 16±9 (6-25) | 2.61±0.57 (1.98-3.09) | 0.34±0.05 (0.15-0.5) | 0.96±0.06 (0.6-1.2) |
| Station 103* | 137 (137) | 2.91 (2.91-2.91) | 0.59±0.03 (0.4-0.9) | 0.76±0.05 (0.5-1.2) |
| Station 117* | 6 (6) | 1.88 (1.88-1.88) | 0.6 (0.6-0.6) | 0.9 (0.9-0.9) |
| Paracyathus pulchellus | ||||
| Station 1* | 18 (8) | 8.8 (8.8) | 0.6±0.06 (0.6-0.8) | 1.1±0.5 (1-1.2) |
| Station 2* | 12 (12) | 8.21 (8-21) | 0.6±0.1 (0.5-0.7) | 1.05±0.05 (1.-1.1) |
| Station 45 | 8±5 (6-18) | 9.15±0.88 (7.89-10.11) | 0.87±0.14 (0.5-1.2) | 1.4±0.15 (1-1.7) |
| Station 51* | 6 (6) | 9.13±1.52 (8.05-10.2) | 1.05±0.05 (1-1.1) | 1.45±0.05 (1.4-1.5) |
| Station 52* | 6 (6) | 9 (6) | 1.8 (1.8) | 1.5 (1.5) |
| Station 56* | 12 (12) | 8.77 (6) | 0.9±0.3 (0.6-1.2) | 1.35±0.35 (1-1.7) |
| Station 103* | 18 (18) | 6 (6) | 0.8±0.1 (0.7-1) | 1.2±0.15 (1-1.5) |
| Station 104* | 6 (6) | 7.55 (7.55) | 0.5 (0.5) | 1 (1) |
| Station 108* | 6 (6) | 6.54 (6.54) | 0.7 (0.7) | 1.2 (1.2) |
| Station 117* | 6 (6) | 11.3 (11.3) | 0.7 (0.7) | 1.1 (1.1) |
| Balanophyllia europaea | ||||
| Station 1* | 12 (12) | 29.9 (29.9-29.9) | 1.65±0.25 (1.4-1.9) | 2.65±0.15 (2.5-2.8) |
| Station 2* | 6 (6) | 24 (24-24) | 1.4 (1.4-1.4) | 2.5 (2.5-2.5) |
| Station 3* | 6 (6) | 21.98 (21.98-21.98) | 0.6 (0.6-0.6) | 1.6 (1.6-1.6) |
| Station 9* | 6 (6) | 25 (25-25) | 1 (1-1) | 2.1 (2.1-2.1) |
| Station 10* | 6 (6) | 21.28 (21.28-21.28) | 1.9 (1.9-1.9) | 3 (3) |
| Station 11* | 12 (12) | 13.9 (13.9-13.9) | 0.75±0.05 (0.7-0.8) | 1.75±0.15 (1.6-1.9) |
| Station 18* | 12 (12) | 10.66 (10.66-10.66) | 0.75±0.05 (0.7-0.8) | 1.35±0.15 (1.2-1.5) |
| Station 20* | 6 (6) | 33.95 (33.95) | 0.7 (0.7) | 1.6 (1.6) |
| Station 23* | 6 (6) | 28.3 (28.3) | 1.8 (1.8) | 2.3 (2.3) |
| Station 24* | 12 (12) | 20 (20) | 1.4±0.3 (1.1-1.7) | 2.5±0.1 (2.4-2.6) |
| Station 26* | 6 (6) | 24.41 (24.41) | 1.1 (1.1) | 1.9 (1.9) |
| Station 27 | 122±116 (6-237) | 32.97±4.53 (28.44-37.5) | 1.32±0.07 (0.5-2.4) | 2.54±0.1 (1.2-3.9) |
| Station 30* | 12 (12) | 12.65 (12.65) | 0.7±0.1 (0.6-0.8) | 1.3±0.1 (1.2-1.4) |
| Station 35* | 12 (12) | 14.2 (14.2) | 1.15±0.05 (1.1-1.2) | 2.2±0.3 (1.9-2.5) |
| Station 38* | 18 (18) | 12.47 (12.47) | 1.4±0.11 (1.2-1.6) | 2.43±0.32 (1.8-2.9) |
| Station 39* | 18 (18) | 11.98 (11.98) | 1.73±0.12 (1.5-1.9) | 2.5±0.2 (2.2-2.9) |
| Station 40* | 18 (18) | 10.1 (10.1) | 1.36±0.03 (1.3-1.4) | 2.36±0.06 (2.3-2.5) |
| Station 41* | 6 (6) | 15.45 (15.45) | 1.1 (1.1) | 1.8 (1.8) |
| Station 42* | 6 (6) | 15 (15) | 1.3 (1.3) | 1.9 (1.9) |
| Station 43* | 6 (6) | 14.64 (14.64) | 0.8 (0.8) | 1.9 (1.9) |
| Station 44* | 6 (6) | 12.08 (12.08) | 1.3 (1.3) | 2.2 (1.9) |
| Station 103* | 6 (6) | 42 (42) | 1.6 (1.6) | 2.5 (2.5) |
| Station 117* | 6 (6) | 16.76 (16.76) | 2.3 (2.3) | 2.2 (2.2) |
| Station 119* | 6 (6) | 11.4 (11.4) | 1.1 (1.1) | 2 (2) |
| Leptopsammia pruvoti | ||||
| Station 1 | 87±6 (81-93) | 7.79±0.63 (7.16-8.42) | 1.57±0.04 (1.2-1.5) | 1.09±0.02 (0.8-1.4) |
| Station 2 | 49±12 (37-62) | 4.21±0.1 (4.11-4.32) | 1.59±0.06 (1.2-1.5) | 1.08±0.03 (0.8-1.4) |
| Station 21* | 6 (6) | 4.19 (4.19-4.19) | 1.5 (1.5) | 1.1 (1.1) |
| Station 45 | 124±56 (68-181) | 11.67±3.03 (6.64-14.7) | 1.41±0.02 (1.1-1.4) | 2.41±0.12 (1.5-3.9) |
| Station 51* | 6 (6) | 11.18 (11.18) | 1.5 (1.5) | 1.1 (1.1) |
| Station 52* | 6 (6) | 12.43 (12.43) | 1.3 (1.3) | 1.5 (1.5) |
| Station 56* | 6 (6) | 9.86 (9.86) | 1.5 (1.5) | 3 (3-3) |
| Station 104* | 6 (6) | 8.89 (8.89) | 1.4 (1.5) | 1.4 (1.4) |
| Station 108* | 6 (6) | 18.85 (18.85) | 1.4 (1.4) | 3.1 (3.1) |
| Station 109* | 6 (6) | 12.71 (12.71) | 1.5 (1.5) | 1.1 (1.1) |
| Station 110* | 6 (6) | 10.65 (10.65) | 1.4 (1.4) | 1.8 (1.8) |
| Station 117* | 50 (50) | 12.5 (12.5) | 1.22±0.1 (1-1.5) | 1.66±0.13 (1.3-2) |
| Station 140* | 850 (850) | 4.22 (4.22) | 0.48±0.02 (0.4-0.6) | 0.67±0.03 (0.5-0.9) |
TNI: The total mean Number of Individuals per square meter (decimals integrated). *Since only one coral individual or group was found at the station, these values were excluded from the calculations of means. Mean dimensions were calculated according to the total value of 10 corallites per station. (Length: the maximum axis of the oral disc; Width: the minimum axis of the oral disc)
Table 3
Coral cover determined in terms of the rocky substrate range at the stations with the highest species abundance
| M. pharensis | C. caespitosa | P. muellerae | P. mouchezii | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sta 1 – 800 | 0.63 | 1.14 | 1.58 | - |
| Sta 2 – 410 | - | 0.15 | 0.22 | 0.2 |
| Sta 3 – 350 | - | 18.11 | - | - |
| Sta 20 – 200 | - | 0.24 | - | - |
| Sta 45 – 1120 | 0.48 | - | 27.89 | - |
| Sta 108 – 208 | - | - | 0.19 | - |
| Sta 117 – 110 | - | - | 1.07 | - |
TARS: Total Spreading Area of Rocky Substrate at a given station; Cover area: total cover area of the species at a station
Table 4
Rock-based percent cover of P. muellerae at Station 45, C. caespitosa at Station 1, P. mouchezii at Station 2 and M. pharensis at Stations 1 and 45
| P. muellerae | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| p1 | 0.009 | 0.33 | 2.72 | |||
| p2 | 0.036 | 0.42 | 8.57 | |||
| p3 | 0.09 | 0.33 | 27.27 | |||
| p4 | 0.03 | 0.19 | 15.7 | |||
| p5 | 0.039 | 0.18 | 21.6 | |||
| p6 | 0.032 | 1.01 | 3.16 | |||
| p7 | 0.03 | 0.3 | 10 | |||
| p8 | 0.15 | 0.68 | 22.05 | |||
| p9 | 0.036 | 0.33 | 10.9 | |||
| p10 | 4.8 | 7.6 | 63.15 | |||
| p11 | 2.2 | 2.76 | 79.71 | |||
| p12 | 1.1 | 3 | 36.6 | |||
| p13 | 15.1 | 20 | 75.5 | |||
| p14 | 0.08 | 1.15 | 6.95 | |||
| p15 | 0.12 | 0.15 | 80 | |||
| p16 | 0.02 | 0.18 | 11.1 | |||
| p17 | 0.03 | 1.26 | 2.38 | |||
| p18 | 0.34 | 1.25 | 27.2 | |||
| p19 | 0.14 | 1.54 | 9.09 | |||
| p20 | 0.17 | 0.25 | 68 | |||
| p21 | 0.1 | 0.5 | 20 | |||
| p22 | 0.14 | 0.25 | 56 | |||
| p23 | 0.09 | 0.3 | 30 | |||
| p24 | 0.05 | 1.33 | 3.75 | |||
| p25 | 0.14 | 0.87 | 16.09 | |||
| p26 | 0.2 | 1.2 | 16.6 | |||
| p27 | 0.13 | 1.4 | 9.28 | |||
| p28 | 0.28 | 1.11 | 25.22 | |||
| p29 | 0.12 | 2.52 | 4.76 | |||
| p30 | 0.08 | 0.6 | 13.3 | |||
| p31 | 0.29 | 2.43 | 11.93 | |||
| p32 | 0.3 | 1.5 | 20 | |||
| p33 | 0.08 | 0.9 | 8.8 | |||
| p34 | 0.3 | 1.14 | 26.31 | |||
| p35 | 0.6 | 3.36 | 17.85 | |||
| p36 | 0.35 | 0.48 | 72.91 | |||
| p37 | 0.09 | 0.8 | 11.25 | |||
| C. caespitosa | ||||||
| c1 | 0.057 | 0.095 | 60 | |||
| c2 | 0.027 | 0.09 | 30 | |||
| c3 | 0.048 | 0.096 | 50 | |||
| c4 | 0.056 | 0.08 | 70 | |||
| c5 | 0.026 | 0.34 | 7.64 | |||
| c6 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 100 | |||
| c7 | 0.07 | 0.093 | 75.26 | |||
| c8 | 0.023 | 0.04 | 57.5 | |||
| c9 | 0.029 | 0.029 | 100 | |||
| c10 | 0.018 | 0.02 | 90 | |||
| c11 | 0.075 | 0.075 | 100 | |||
| c12 | 0.022 | 0.028 | 78.57 | |||
| c13 | 0.033 | 0.88 | 3.75 | |||
| c14 | 0.008 | 0.06 | 13.3 | |||
| c15 | 0.036 | 0.072 | 50 | |||
| c16 | 0.18 | 0.39 | 46.15 | |||
| c17 | 0.21 | 0.21 | 100 | |||
| c18 | 0.022 | 0.16 | 13.75 | |||
| P. mouchezii | ||||||
| pm1 | 0.2 | 0.6 | 33.3 | |||
| M. pharensis | ||||||
| m1 | 0.23 | 2.08 | 11.05 | |||
| m2 | 0.34 | 0.64 | 53.12 | |||
| m3 | 0.19 | 1.12 | 16.96 | |||
| m4 | 0.27 | 1.88 | 14.36 | |||
Figure 18
A. Cladocora caespitosa colony on the sandy substrate around the Posidonia beds at 7 m depth (Scale bar: 5 cm); B. Cladocora caespitosa colony on the rocky substrate at 19 m depth; C. Polycyathus muellerae colonies at 34 m depth; D. Phyllangia mouchezii colony on the rocky overhang at 19 m depth; E. Madracis pharensis colonies strongly associated with the coralligenous outcrops on the rock ceiling at 25 m depth; F. Balanophyllia europaea corallites on a stony substrate between 2 and 23 m depth; G. Caryophyllia inornata corallites associated with the calcareous sponges on the rock ceiling at 21 m depth; H. Leptopsammia pruvoti corallites on the rocky overhang at 36 m depth; I. Caryophyllia smithii corallites on the rocky substrate between 6 and 29 m depth; J. Paracyathus pulchellus corallites on the rocky substrate at 24 m depth. (Scale bar for all figures except figure A: 1 cm)
Table 5
List of scleractinian corals from the Turkish coasts with the updated distributional data
| Phylum: Cnidaria | |||||||
| Class: Anthozoa | |||||||
| Family: Pocilloporidae | |||||||
| Madracis pharensis 11 | - | FL1 | FL2 | - | FL3-PR | H | VII |
| Family: Faviidae | |||||||
| Cladocora caespitosa 22 | - | FL4 | FL5-PR | - | FL6-PR | H | II |
| Family: Caryophylliidae | |||||||
| Caryophyllia smithii 33 | - | FL7 | FL7* | FL8-PR | FL10-PR | H | IV |
| Caryophyllia cyathus 1010 | - | - | - | FL23 | - | H | 70-300 m** |
| Coenocyathus anthophyllites 1111 | - | - | - | FL10 | - | H | 65-250 m** |
| Hoplangia durotrix 1313 | - | - | FL22 | - | - | H | 0-150 m** |
| Caryophyllia inornata 44 | - | FL11 | FL12 | - | PR | H | IX |
| Paracyathus pulchellus 55 | - | - | - | FL13 | PR | H | VIII |
| Polycyathus muellerae 66 | - | FL14 | FL15 | PR | PR | H,S | V |
| Phyllangia mouchezii 77 | - | FL16 | FL17 | - | PR | H | III |
| Desmophyllum dianthus 1212 | - | - | - | FL24 | - | H | 8-2460 m** |
| Family: Dendrophylliidae | |||||||
| Alanophyllia europaea 88 | - | FL18 | FL19 | - | FL19-PR | H,R | I |
| B. Leptopsammia pruvoti 77 | - | FL21 | FL22* | - | PR | H | VI |
| Dendrophyllia ramea 99 | - | - | - | FL10 | - | H | 40-150 m** |
| Oculina patogonica 1414 | - | FL25 | - | - | - | H | 0-10 m** |
BS: Black Sea; M: Mediterranean Sea; AE: Aegean Sea; MS: Marmara Sea; D: Dardanelles (Çanakkale Strait); DR: Depth range in the current study; H: hard substrate; S: soft substrate; R: Posidonia oceanica roots; PR: Present research; Authors:
I: 0-23 m; II: 2- 23 m; III: 18-19 m; IV: 12-44 m; V: 15-44 m; VI : 17-44 m; VII: 20-39 m; VIII: 20-43 m; IX: 25-40 The first and the latest report of scleractinian coral from the Turkish coasts: FL1: Zibrowius 1979; FL2: Forbes 1844/Gökalp 2011; FL3: Özalp and Alparslan 2015; FL4: Özturk et al. 2004/Özturk et al. 2013; FL5: Forbes 1844/PR; FL6: Özalp and Alparslan 2011/PR; FL7: Özturk et al. 2004/Gönülal and Güreşen 2014*; FL8: Özturk et al. 2004; FL9: Ostroumoff 1896/PR; FL10: Ostroumoff 1896/PR; FL11: Gözcelioglu 2011; FL12: Zibrowius 1979; FL13: Demir 1952; FL14: Çinar et al. 2015; FL15: Zibrowius 1979a/Gökalp 2011; FL16: Zibrowius 1980**/Bitar and Zibrowius 1997; FL17: Zibrowius 1980/Gökalp 2012; FL18: Gözcelioğlu 2011; FL19: Zibrowius 1979/PS; FL20: Ostroumoff 1896/PR; FL21: Gözcelioğlu 2011; FL22: Gökalp 2011/ Gönülal and Güreşen 2014*; FL23: Colombo 1885; FL24: Taviani et al. 2011; FL25: Çinar et al. 2006.