Have a personal or library account? Click to login
Baltic Sea datums and their unification as a basis for coastal and seabed studies Cover

Baltic Sea datums and their unification as a basis for coastal and seabed studies

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies
Volume 45 (2016): Issue 2 (June 2016)
By: Tomasz Wolski,  Bernard Wiśniewski and  Stanisław Musielak  
Open Access
|Jun 2016

Figures & Tables

Figure 1

Relations between the EVRS Datum Definition as a World Height System and the EVRF 2000 Datum (NAP) (Ihde 2004 - modified by the authors)
Relations between the EVRS Datum Definition as a World Height System and the EVRF 2000 Datum (NAP) (Ihde 2004 - modified by the authors)

Figure 2

Distribution of extreme sea levels in the Baltic Sea in the period of 1960-2010; a) maximum sea levels, b) minimum sea levels (source: Wolski et al. 2014)
Distribution of extreme sea levels in the Baltic Sea in the period of 1960-2010; a) maximum sea levels, b) minimum sea levels (source: Wolski et al. 2014)

Figure 3

a) The number of storm surges with the maximum ≥ 70 cm referring to NAP per year (annual average value from the long term 1960-2010); b) The number of falls with the minimum ≤ -70 cm referring to NAP per year (annual average value from the long term 1960-2010)
a) The number of storm surges with the maximum ≥ 70 cm referring to NAP per year (annual average value from the long term 1960-2010); b) The number of falls with the minimum ≤ -70 cm referring to NAP per year (annual average value from the long term 1960-2010)

Figure 4

Distribution of theoretical water with the 200-year return period: a) theoretical 200-year maximum water level, b) theoretical 200-year minimum water level
Distribution of theoretical water with the 200-year return period: a) theoretical 200-year maximum water level, b) theoretical 200-year minimum water level

Figure 5

Baltic sea surface models for 9 January 2005, 03:00 UTC: a) on the basis of real sea levels (49 tide gauges); b) on the basis of the HIROMB model (49 points); c) absolute differences between sea levels in cm
Baltic sea surface models for 9 January 2005, 03:00 UTC: a) on the basis of real sea levels (49 tide gauges); b) on the basis of the HIROMB model (49 points); c) absolute differences between sea levels in cm

Figure 6

The course of the low pressure system on 17-19 October 1967 together with the main synoptic situation on 18 October.1967, 0:00 hrs UTC (source: Synoptic Bulletin PIHM with modification of the authors).
The course of the low pressure system on 17-19 October 1967 together with the main synoptic situation on 18 October.1967, 0:00 hrs UTC (source: Synoptic Bulletin PIHM with modification of the authors).

Figure 7

Changes in the sea level for representative stations in the main basins of the Baltic Sea on 17-20 October 1967
Changes in the sea level for representative stations in the main basins of the Baltic Sea on 17-20 October 1967

Figure 8

Distribution of wind direction and velocity together with changes in the sea level in particular basins of the Baltic Sea in 17-20 October 1967
Distribution of wind direction and velocity together with changes in the sea level in particular basins of the Baltic Sea in 17-20 October 1967

Figure 9

The image of instantaneous sea levels of the Baltic Sea: a) 17 October 1967, 12:00 UTC; b) 18 October 1967, 04:00 UTC; c) 18 October 1967, 08:00 UTC; d) 18 October 1967, 16:00 UTC
The image of instantaneous sea levels of the Baltic Sea: a) 17 October 1967, 12:00 UTC; b) 18 October 1967, 04:00 UTC; c) 18 October 1967, 08:00 UTC; d) 18 October 1967, 16:00 UTC

Features of the low pressure system and parameters of the storm surge analyzed in the period of 17-20 October 1967

StationFeatures of the low pressure systemRecorded sea levelHs(cm)ΔHd(cm)
Pi(hPa)VL (m s-1)Initial sea level (cm)Max (cm)Min. (cm)Amplitude (cm)The maximum rate of sea level change (cm h-1)Duration of the sea level [hour]
RiseDecrease≥70 cm≥100 cm≤ -70 cm≤ -100 cm
Smogen96622.22082-2811030302---47.6143
Skanor19128-12925776548586
Wismar-391-1702615824601712
Warnemunde-176-17024638333 118
Gedser198-14123939386-1211
Swinoujscie686-13422034542-42
Kungsholmsfort1398-7817641396-3-
Klajpeda28195+11943147148--
Visby3685+ 137213144---
Parnu91264+302341021106840--
Ristna42165+291362024408--
Sztokholm2790+98114188 --
Tallinn63135+201151717347--
Helsinki5010310931515266--
Hamina44134-1615021243016--
Narva72180+ 1616426305429--
Degerby257216566101---
Vaasa3557144356
Kemi4050-126276----

Collation of the greatest differences between the observed and forecasted (HIROMB model) values of the sea level for selected tide gauges during the storm event of January 9, 2005, 03:00 UTC_

Tide gaugeSea levelAbsolute differences between the observed and forecasted sea level
ObservedForecasted
Ristna+217 cm+172 cm45 cm – underestimation
Hamina+138 cm+206 cm68 cm – overestimation
Kemi+41 cm+97 cm56 cm – overestimation
Helsinki+145 cm+188 cm43 cm – overestimation
Sassnitz-100 cm-60 cm40 cm – underestimation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/ohs-2016-0022 | Journal eISSN: 1897-3191 | Journal ISSN: 1730-413X
Journal RSS Feed
Language: English
Page range: 239 - 258
Submitted on: Sep 12, 2015
Accepted on: Dec 9, 2015
Published on: Jun 22, 2016
Published by: University of Gdańsk
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year
Keywords:
sea level,
storm surge,
Baltic Sea,
vertical datum,
Normaal Amsterdams Peil (NAP)
Related subjects:
Chemistry,
Chemistry, other,
Geosciences,
Geosciences, other,
Life sciences,
Life sciences, other

© 2016 Tomasz Wolski, Bernard Wiśniewski, Stanisław Musielak, published by University of Gdańsk
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

Previous articleVolume 45 (2016): Issue 2 (June 2016)Next article