Analysis of hydrobiological responses to anthropogenic and natural influences in a lagoon system in the Gulf of California

Parameters	Unit	Non-variant values	Winter	Spring	Summer	Autumn
Area	km²	7.78
Depth	m	0.50
Average system volume	m³	3,890,000
Precipitation			-	156	-	1,299
Evaporation			30,007	40,012	56,428	27,051
Contribution from shrimp farm	m³ day		-	-	31.3	31.3
Contribution from the sea			30,007	39,857	54,461	25,752
Residence time	days		0.9	0.4	1.6	0.5

Nonmetric Multidimensional Scaling (nMDS) was used to compare seasonal variation in the groups of samples based on water quality parameters for the El Rancho (A) and Empalme (B) subsystems. Nitrite, nitrate, ammonium, soluble phosphate, and chlorophyll a, were included in the multivariate analysis.

Table 2

Seasonal variability in water quality of the El Rancho-Empalme lagoon system

	Units	Spring								Summer
		El Rancho				Empalme				El Rancho				Empalme
		Mean	SD	min	max	Mean	SD	min	max	Mean	SD	min	max	Mean	SD	min	max
Temperature	°C	19.6	0.28	19.04	19.94	20.38	0.34	19.87	21.25	30.15	1.33	28.5	32.24	31.16	1.26	29	33.94
DO	mg l^-1	6.26	0.53	5.65	7.07	6.84	0.5	6.02	7.66	4.21	0.83	3.19	5.83	4.76	1.06	3.03	7.14
Salinity	PSU	38.55	0.44	37.95	39.56	37.93	0.24	37.48	38.43	38.41	1.25	36.73	40.78	35.45	3.09	29.87	39.4
NO²+NO³	μM	0.38	0.09	0.24	0.49	0.35	0.13	0.08	0.76	0.15	0.05	0.09	0.25	0.1	0.05	0.05	0.22
NH⁴		0.52	0.3	0.2	1.12	0.49	0.48	0.1	2.44	0.51	0.35	0.07	1.16	0.46	0.49	0.01	2.3
PO⁴		1.4	0.24	0.91	1.73	1.63	0.19	1.2	1.97	0.96	0.2	0.69	1.44	0.84	0.19	0.55	1.26
Chl a	mg m^-3	1.06	1.65	0.02	5.92	0.57	0.42	0.02	1.64	0.77	0.75	0.04	2.73	1.25	1.2	0	3.29

					Autumn						Winter
			El Rancho				Empalme				El Rancho				Empalme
		Mean	SD	min	max	Mean	SD	min	max	Mean	SD	min	max	Mean	SD	min	max
Temperature	°C	24.07	1.75	22.45	26.5	23.84	2.15	20.22	26.98	18.43	0.65	17.29	18.99	19.76	0.89	18.57	22.22
DO	mg l^-1	37.18	0.48	36.77	37.96	37.19	0.24	36.71	37.61	6.33	0.42	5.72	7.24	6.55	0.66	5.46	8.21
Salinity	PSU	6.4	2.01	0.25	7.79	6.97	0.52	6.06	7.86	37.26	1.06	35.38	38.19	37.44	0.59	36.04	38.19
NO²+NO³	μM	3.15	2.31	0.08	0.66	2.09	1.41	0.02	0.81	4.48	1.47	2.48	6.32	3.89	1.76	1.19	6.4
NH⁴		0.85	0.82	0.01	3	0.83	0.97	0.02	3.55	7.58	2.61	4.6	11.42	6.5	2.7	3.12	13.56
PO⁴		0.9	1.16	0.45	4.56	0.64	0.24	0.44	1.29	2.22	0.38	1.75	3.05	2.07	0.47	1.29	3.05
Chl a	mg m^-3	3.15	2.31	0.63	7.68	2.09	1.41	0.32	6.51	1.48	1.25	0.13	4.1	0.86	0.41	0.26	1.84

Box and whisker plot of the trophic state by TRIX index for the El Rancho-Empalme lagoon system during seasons. Median, quartiles, ranges, and outliers of data are shown for each event. The plot shows the trophic state levels and the impact of upwelling and shrimp farm effluents.

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/ohs-2016-0011 | Journal eISSN: 1897-3191 | Journal ISSN: 1730-413X

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Language: English

Page range: 112 - 120

Submitted on: Apr 27, 2015

Accepted on: Aug 3, 2015

Published on: Mar 10, 2016

Published by: University of Gdańsk

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Publication frequency: 4 issues per year

Keywords:

subtropical coastal lagoons,

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© 2016 José Alfredo Arreola-Lizárraga, Gustavo Padilla-Arredondo, Julio Medina-Galván, Lía Méndez-Rodríguez, Renato Mendoza-Salgado, Miguel V. Cordoba-Matson, published by University of Gdańsk
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

Volume 45 (2016): Issue 1 (March 2016)

Analysis of hydrobiological responses to anthropogenic and natural influences in a lagoon system in the Gulf of California

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