Positron annihilation in liquid crystals
By:
References
- 1. Dlubek, G. (2010). Local free volume distribution from PALS and dynamics of polymers. In L. A. Utracki, & A. M. Jamieson (Eds.), Polymer physics: From suspensions to nanocomposites and beyond (pp. 421–472). Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley and Sons Inc. DOI: 10.1002/9780470600160.ch11.
- 2. Mogensen, O. E. (1995). Positron annihilation in chemistry. Berlin-Heidelberg: Springer Verlag.
- 3. Schrader, M., & Jean, Y. C. (Eds.). (1988). Positron and positronium chemistry, studies in physical and theoretical chemistry. Vol. 57. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
- 4. Goworek, T. (2014). Positronium as a probe of small free volumes in crystals, polymers and porous media. Ann. UMCS, 63, 1–110. DOI: 10.2478/umcschem-2013-0012.
- 5. Choundhury, S. R., Yadav, R., Maitra, A. N., & Jain, P. (1992). A new lamellar phase in CTAB/water/hexanol system. Mater. Sci. Forum, 105/110, 1517–1520. DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.105-110.
- 6. Choundhury, S. R., Yadav, R., Maitra, A. N., & Jain, P. (1992). On the existence of bicontinuous phase in CTAB/water/hexanol reverse micellar systems. Mater. Sci. Forum, 105/110, 1521–1524. DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.105-110.
- 7. Chandrasekhar, S. (1977). Liquid crystals. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- 8. Stegemeyer, H. (Ed.). (1994). Liquid crystals. Darmstadt: Steinkopff; New York: Springer.
- 9. Juszyńska-Gałązka, E., Gałązka, M., Massalska-Arodź, M., Bąk, A., Chłędowska, K., & Tomczyk, W. (2014). Phase behavior and dynamics of the liquid crystal 4′-butyl-4-(2-methylbutoxy)azoxybenzene (4ABO5*). J. Phys. Chem. B, 118, 14982–14989. DOI: 10.1021/jp510584w.
- 10. Cole, G. D., & Walker, W. W. (1963). Positronium decay in cholesteryl acetate. J. Chem. Phys., 39, 850–851. DOI: 10.1063/1.1734345.
- 11. Cole, G. D., & Walker, W. W. (1965). Positron annihilation in liquid crystals. J. Chem. Phys., 42, 1692–1694. DOI: 10.1063/1.1696179.
- 12. Nicholas, J. B., & Ache, H. J. (1972). Phase and temperature dependence of positron annihilation in liquid crystals. J. Chem. Phys., 57, 1597–1603. DOI: 10.1063/1.1678441.
- 13. Szuszkiewicz, M. (1969). The influence of the degree of order in n-heptyloxyazoxybenzene on the angular distribution of quanta from two photon annihilation of electron-positron pairs. Acta Phys. Pol., 36, 365–372.
- 14. Tao, S. J. (1972). Positronium annihilation in molecular substances. J. Chem. Phys., 56, 5499–5510. DOI: 10.1063/1.1677067.
- 15. Eldrup, M., Lightbody, D., & Sherwood, J. N. (1981). The temperature dependence of positron lifetimes in solid pivalic acid. Chem. Phys., 63, 51–58. DOI: 10.1016/0301-0104(81)80307-2.
- 16. Ferrell, R. A. (1957). Long lifetime of positronium in liquid helium. Phys. Rev., 108, 167–168. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRev.108.167.
- 17. Tolman, R. C. (1949). The effect of droplet size on surface tension. J. Chem. Phys., 17, 333–337. DOI: 10.1063/1.1747247.
- 18. Zgardzińska, B., & Goworek, T. (2012). Positronium bubble in liquid alkanes and alcohols. Chem. Phys., 405, 32–39. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2012.06.005.
- 19. Zgardzińska, B., & Goworek, T. (2013). Surface tension of cavities and Tolman’s length in n-alkanes. A positron study. Chem. Phys., 411, 1–5. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2012.12.004.
- 20. Sharma, M., Kaur, C., Chandramani Singh, K., & Jain, P. C. (2000). Temperature-dependent studies in some homologues of alkyloxy cyanobiphenyl employing positron lifetime spectroscopy. Int. J. Mod. Phys. B, 14, 1927–1938. DOI: 10.1142/S0217979200002181.
- 21. Chandramani Singh, K. (2009). On the study of liquid crystalline materials using positron annihilation spectroscopy. Phys. Status Solidi C, 6, 2482–2486. DOI: 10.1002/pssc.200982094.
- 22. Sharma, M., Kaur, C., Kumar, J., Chandramani Singh, K., & Jain, P. C. (2001). Phase transformations in some homologues of 4-n-alkyl-4′-cyanobiphenyls investigated by positron annihilation spectroscopy. J. Phys.-Condens. Mat., 13, 7249–7258. DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/13/33/306.
- 23. Hori, K., Koma, Y., Uchida, A., & Ohashi, Y. (1993). Crystal structures of 6OCB and 7OCB. Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. Sci. Technol. A, 225(1), 15–22. DOI: 10.1080/10587259308036213.
- 24. Hori, K., Kurosaki, M., Wu, H., & Itoh, K. (1996). Two crystal forms of 4’-octyloxy-4-cyano-biphenyl (8OCB). Acta Crystallogr. Sect. C-Struct. Chem., 52, 1751–1754. DOI: 10.1107/S0108270196003447.
- 25. Lightbody, D., Sherwood, J. N., & Eldrup, M. (1985). Temperature and phase dependence of positron lifetimes in solid cyclohexane. Chem. Phys., 93, 475–484. DOI: 10.1016/0301-0104(85)87012-9.
- 26. Das, M. K., Paul, S., & Paul, R. (1995). X-ray diffraction studies on solid and mesomorphic phases of four members of alkoxy-cyanobiphenyls. Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. Sci. Technol. A, 264(1), 89–98. DOI: 10.1080/10587259508037304.
- 27. Jasiurkowska, M., Budziak, A., Czub, J., Massalska-Arodź, M., & Urban, S. (2008). X-ray studies on the crystalline E phase of the 4-n-alkyl-4′-isothiocyanatobiphenyl homologous series (nBT, n = 2–10). Liq. Cryst., 35, 513−518. DOI: 10.1080/02678290801989975.
- 28. Dryzek, E., Juszyńska, E., Zaleski, R., Jasińska, B., Gorgol, M., & Massalska-Arodź, M. (2013). Positron annihilation studies of 4-n-butyl-4′-isothiocyanato-1,1′-biphenyl. Phys. Rev. E, 88, 022504-8. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevE.88.022504.
- 29. Pisula, W., Zorn, M., Chang, J. -Y., Mullen, K., & Zentel, R. (2009). Liquid crystalline ordering and charge transport in semiconducting materials. Macromol. Rapid Commun., 30, 1179–1202. DOI: 10.1002/marc.200900251.
- 30. Miyazawa, T., Yamamura, Y., Hishida, M., Nagatomo, S., Massalska-Arodź, M., & Saito, K. (2013). Revisiting smectic E structure through swollen smectic E phase in binary system of 4-nonyl-4′-isothiocyanatobiphenyl (9TCB) and n-nonane. J. Phys. Chem. B, 117, 8293–8299. DOI: 10.1021/jp405480h.
- 31. Saito, K., Miyazawa, T., Fujiwara, A., Hishida, M., Saitoh, H., Massalska-Arodź, M., & Yamamura, Y. (2013). Reassessment of structure of smectic phases: Nano-segregation in smectic E phase in 4-n-alkyl-4′-isothiocyanato-1,1′-biphenyls. J. Chem. Phys., 139, 114902-9. DOI: 10.1063/1.4821162.
- 32. Adachi, T., Saitoh, H., Yamamura, Y., Hishida, M., Ueda, M., Ito, S., & Saito, K. (2013). Universality of molten state of alkyl chain in liquid-crystalline mesophases: smectic E phase of 6-alkyl-2-phenylazulene. Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 86, 1022–1027. DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20130122.
- 33. Yamamura, Y., Adachi, T., Miyazawa, T., Horiuchi, K., Sumita, M., Massalska-Arodź, M., Urban, S., & Saito, K. (2012). Calorimetric and spectroscopic evidence of chain-melting in smectic E and smectic A phases of 4-alkyl-4′-isothiocyanatobiphenyl (nTCB). J. Phys. Chem. B, 116, 9255–9260. DOI: 10.1021/jp303972s.
- 34. Dlubek, G., Bamford, D., Wilkinson, I., Borisch, K., Alam, A. M., & Tschierske, C. (1999). Investigation of thermotropic phase transitions in a triple chain amphiphile forming hexagonal columnar and inverse micellar cubic mesophases: a positron annihilation lifetime study. Liq. Cryst., 26, 863–870. DOI: 10.1080/026782999204552.
- 35. Chandramani Singh, K., Sharma, M., & Jain, P. C. (2006). Study of molecular motions in two liquid crystal forming compounds employing PLS. Int. J. Mod. Phys. B, 14, 2019–2034. DOI: 10.1142/S0217979206033814.
- 36. Ishimaru, S., Saito, K., Ikeuchi, S., Massalska-Arodź, M., & Witko, W. (2005). Molecular dynamics and residual entropy in the soft crystal, SmE phase, of 4-butyl-4′-isothiocyano-1,1′-biphenyl. J. Phys. Chem. B, 109, 10020–10024. DOI: 10.1021/jp0501244.
- 37. Angell, C. A., & Rao, K. J. (1972). Configurational excitations in condensed matter, and the “Bond Lattice” model for the liquid-glass transition. J. Chem. Phys., 57, 470–481. DOI: 10.1063/1.1677987.
- 38. Dryzek, E., & Juszyńska-Gałazka, E. (2015). Positron formation and annihilation in liquid crystalline smectic E phase revisited. Submitted to Phys. Rev. E.
Language: English
Page range: 703 - 708
Submitted on: Jun 25, 2015
Accepted on: Aug 25, 2015
Published on: Dec 1, 2015
Published by: Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year
Related subjects:
© 2015 Ewa Dryzek, Ewa Juszyńska-Gałązka, published by Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.