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Effect of sintering parameters using the central composite design method, electronic structure and physical properties of yttria-partially stabilized ZrO2 commercial ceramics Cover

Effect of sintering parameters using the central composite design method, electronic structure and physical properties of yttria-partially stabilized ZrO2 commercial ceramics

Materials Science-Poland
Volume 35 (2017): Issue 1 (March 2017)
By: A.M. Mendes,  M.C.B. Costa,  V.D. Araújo,  F.V. Motta,  C.A. Paskocimas,  W. Acchar,  E. Longo,  M.R.D. Bomio and  L.S. Cavalcante  
Open Access
|Feb 2017

Figures & Tables

(a) XRD patterns of 3Y-PSZ non-sintered ceramics (I) and 3Y-PSZ ceramics sintered at different temperatures (II to XII) and times, (b) Indexed monoclinic and tetragonal phases in XRD patterns of 3Y-PSZ ceramics. The vertical lines indicate the relative positions of the diffraction peaks described in ICSD No. 66782 and No. 18190 and (c) Indexed tetragonal phase XRD patterns for 3Y-PSZ ceramics sintered at 1550 °C for 12 h, respectively.
(a) XRD patterns of 3Y-PSZ non-sintered ceramics (I) and 3Y-PSZ ceramics sintered at different temperatures (II to XII) and times, (b) Indexed monoclinic and tetragonal phases in XRD patterns of 3Y-PSZ ceramics. The vertical lines indicate the relative positions of the diffraction peaks described in ICSD No. 66782 and No. 18190 and (c) Indexed tetragonal phase XRD patterns for 3Y-PSZ ceramics sintered at 1550 °C for 12 h, respectively.
(a) Rietveld refinement plot of 3Y-PSZ non-sintered ceramics and (b) 3Y-PSZ ceramics sintered at 1550 °C for 12 h.
(a) Rietveld refinement plot of 3Y-PSZ non-sintered ceramics and (b) 3Y-PSZ ceramics sintered at 1550 °C for 12 h.
(a) Schematic representation of the monoclinic unit cells corresponding to ZrO2 crystal illustrating distorted deltahedral [ZrO7] clusters, (b) tetragonal unit cells corresponding to ZrO2 crystal illustrating distorted deltahedral [ZrO8] clusters and (c) tetragonal unit cells corresponding to ZrO2 crystals illustrating distorted deltahedral [ZrO8]/[YO8] clusters, respectively.
(a) Schematic representation of the monoclinic unit cells corresponding to ZrO2 crystal illustrating distorted deltahedral [ZrO7] clusters, (b) tetragonal unit cells corresponding to ZrO2 crystal illustrating distorted deltahedral [ZrO8] clusters and (c) tetragonal unit cells corresponding to ZrO2 crystals illustrating distorted deltahedral [ZrO8]/[YO8] clusters, respectively.
Electron density maps on: (a) (1 2 1), (b) (1 4 1), (c) (6 3 6) and (d) (1 2 0) planes of 3Y-PSZ non-sintered ceramics and ceramics sintered at 1550 °C for 12 h.
Electron density maps on: (a) (1 2 1), (b) (1 4 1), (c) (6 3 6) and (d) (1 2 0) planes of 3Y-PSZ non-sintered ceramics and ceramics sintered at 1550 °C for 12 h.
FE-SEM images for 3Y-PSZ ceramics sintered at: (a) 1350 °C for 4 h, (b) 1350 °C for 12 h, (c) 1550 °C for 4 h and (d) 1550 °C for 12 h.
FE-SEM images for 3Y-PSZ ceramics sintered at: (a) 1350 °C for 4 h, (b) 1350 °C for 12 h, (c) 1550 °C for 4 h and (d) 1550 °C for 12 h.
Average grain size distribution of 3Y-PSZ ceramics sintered at: (a) 1350 °C for 4 h, (b) 1350 °C for 12 h, (c) 1550 °C for 4 h and (d) 1550 °C for 12 h.
Average grain size distribution of 3Y-PSZ ceramics sintered at: (a) 1350 °C for 4 h, (b) 1350 °C for 12 h, (c) 1550 °C for 4 h and (d) 1550 °C for 12 h.
Response surfaces of 3Y-PSZ ceramics sintered at different temperatures and times for: (a) volumetric shrinkage, (b) average grain size and (c) hardness.
Response surfaces of 3Y-PSZ ceramics sintered at different temperatures and times for: (a) volumetric shrinkage, (b) average grain size and (c) hardness.

Volumetric shrinkage (VS), average grain size (AGS) and Vickers hardness (VH) for all combinations of sintering temperature and times_

3Y-PSZ sintered ceramicsMeasured values
VS [%]AGS [μm]VH [GPa]
VII44.1±3.40.194±0.0435.45±0.12
XII40.6±5.40.216±0.0536.05±0.22
X45.0±5.80.228±0.0577.49±0.42
VIII50.2±5.90.276±0.07411.3±0.18
VI50.7±2.30.31±0.1113.01±0.42
II50.3±2.80.384±0.09113.27±0.38
XI50.2±2.90.377±0.09613.06±0.41
III53.1±5.20.454±0.08513.71±0.12
IX54.2±5.50.55±0.1413.26±0.30
IV54.8±4.20.75±0.1912.52±0.32
V54.8±1.70.54±0.1813.24±0.16

Coded and uncoded values of levels for sintering temperature and time and its execution order_

3Y-PSZ sintered ceramicsCoded LevelsUncoded Levels
TemperaturetimeTemperature [°C]time [h]
VII–1.41013098
XII–1–113504
X–11135012
VIII0–1.4114502.37
VI0014508
II0014508
XI0014508
III01.41145013.64
IX1–115504
IV11155012
V1.41015918

Rietveld refinement results for 3Y-PSZ non-sintered ceramics and ceramics sintered at 1550 °C for 12 h_

AtomsWyckoffSitexyz
Zr4e10.269770.035420.21178
O14e10.072870.342620.35167
O24e10.438430.761340.48151
Zr2a–4m20.750.250.25
O14d2mm.0.250.250.46829
[Phase 1: ZrO2; P21/c (14) – Monoclinic (a = 5.18449(8), b = 5.21618(4) Å, c = 5.32812(7) Å; V = V=142.22(3) Å3; β = 99.23(8)° and Z = 4)] and [Phase 2: ZrO2; P42/nmc (137) – Tetragonal (a = b = 3.5792 Å, c = 5.1782 Å; c/a = 1, V = 66.34 Å3; Z = 2]; Rp = 6.785 %; Rwp = 11.835 %; Rexp = 6.218 %; χ2 = 3.6214 and GoF = 1.903. Weights of the phases in the ZrO2 Monoclinic = 49.17 % and ZrO2 Tetragonal = 50.83 %.
Zr2a– 4m20.750.250.25
O14d2mm.0.250.250.44896
[Monophasic for ZrO2; P42/nmc (137) – Tetragonal (a = b = 3.5578(6) Å, c = 5.1559(1) Å; V = 65.26(2) Å3; Z = 2); Rp = 5.231 %; Rwp = 10.124 %; Rexp = 8.173 %; χ2 = 1.52364 and GoF = 1.238.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/msp-2017-0035 | Journal eISSN: 2083-134X | Journal ISSN: 2083-1331
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Language: English
Page range: 225 - 238
Submitted on: Sep 15, 2016
Accepted on: Jan 28, 2017
Published on: Feb 24, 2017
Published by: Wroclaw University of Science and Technology
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year
Keywords:
YPSZ ceramics,
electronic structure,
central composite design,
hardness,
shrinkage
Related subjects:
Materials sciences,
Materials sciences, other,
Nanomaterials,
Functional and smart materials,
Materials characterization and properties

© 2017 A.M. Mendes, M.C.B. Costa, V.D. Araújo, F.V. Motta, C.A. Paskocimas, W. Acchar, E. Longo, M.R.D. Bomio, L.S. Cavalcante, published by Wroclaw University of Science and Technology
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

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