Table 1
Calculated values of Se, Sn and projected range of 400 keV Au+ ions for CR-39.
Ion type | Energy [keV] | Se [eV/nm] | Sn [eV/nm] | Range [nm] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Au+ | 400 | 6.673 × 102 | 1.689 × 103 | 220 |
Fig. 1
SRIM/TRIM simulation for 400 keV Au+ ion implantation in CR-39 (a) estimated ion trajectories (b) vacancies-depth distribution.
Fig. 2
Raman spectrum for pristine CR-39.
Fig. 3
Raman spectra of 400 keV Au+ ion implanted CR-39 at (a) 5 × 1014 ions/cm2 and (b) 5 × 1015 ions/cm2.
Fig. 4
FT-IR spectra of (a) pristine and implanted CR-39 with 400 keV Au+ ion beam at (b) 5 × 1013 ions/cm2 (c) 1 × 1014 ions/cm2 (d) 5 × 1014 ions/cm2 (e) 1 × 1015 ions/cm2 (f) 5 × 1015 ions/cm2.
Fig. 5
Surface topography AFM images (2 μm × 2 μm) of (a) pristine CR-39 and implanted by 400 keV Au+ ions at (b) 5 × 1013 ions/cm2 (c) 5 × 1014 ions/cm2 (d) 5 × 1015 ions/cm2. The images on the left hand side of the figure are three-dimentional AFM micrographs, two-dimentional topographic scans are in the middle, while line profiles of surface, highlighted in the 2D images, are shown on the right hand side of the figure.
Table 2
RMS roughness of pristine and 400 keV Au+ ion implanted CR-39 samples at different ion fluences.
Fluence [ions/cm2] | RMS roughness [nm] |
|---|---|
Pristine | 1.71 |
5 × 1013 | 8.95 |
5 × 1014 | 1.02 |
5 × 1015 | 0.66 |
Fig. 6
UV-Vis absorption spectra of CR-39 (a) pristine and implanted at 400 keV to (b) 5 × 1013 Au+ ions/cm2, (c) 1 × 1014 Au+ ions/cm2, (d) 5 × 1014 Au+ ions/cm2, (e) 1 × 1015 Au+ ions/cm2, (f) 5 × 1015 Au+ ions/cm2.
Table 3
Variation of optical band gap energy Eg [eV], % decrease in band gap energy and Urbach energy Eu [eV], with different implanted fluences of CR-39.
Fluence [ions/cm2] | Optical band gap energy Eg [eV] | % decrease in band gap energy | Urbach energy Eu [eV] |
|---|---|---|---|
Pristine | 3.15 | – | 0.17 |
5 × 1013 | 3.06 | 2.86 | 0.35 |
1 × 1014 | 2.94 | 6.67 | 0.68 |
5 × 1014 | 1.14 | 64 | 0.88 |
1 × 1015 | 1.10 | 65 | 0.90 |
5 × 1015 | 1.05 | 67 | 0.91 |
Fig. 7
Plots of (αhν)1/2 vs. (hν) to determine optical band gap energy of CR-39 polymer (a) pristine and implanted at 400 keV to (b) 5 × 1013 Au+ ions/cm2, (c) 1 × 1014 Au+ ions/cm2, (d) 5 × 1014 Au+ ions/cm2, (e) 1 × 1015 Au+ ions/cm2, (f) 5 × 1015 Au+ ions/cm2.
Fig. 8
Plot of optical band gap energy (Eg) and % decrease in band gap energy vs. ion fluence.
Fig. 9
Plots of ln(α) vs. (hν) to determine Urbach energy of CR-39 (a) pristine and implanted at 400 keV to (b) 5 × 1013 Au+ ions/cm2, (c) 1 × 1014 Au+ ions/cm2, (d) 5 × 1014 Au+ ions/cm2, (e) 1 × 1015 Au+ ions/cm2, (f) 5 × 1015 Au+ ions/cm2.
Fig. 10
Urbach energy vs. ion fluence for 400 keV Au+ ion implanted CR-39.