Fig. 1
X-ray diffraction patterns of (a) PCC, (b) AWNP 600, (c) AWNP 700, (d) AWNP 800 carbons
Fig. 2
FT-IR spectra of (a) AWNP 600 (b) AWNP 700 and (c) AWNP 800 carbons.
Fig. 3
Scanning electron micrographs of (a) PCC, (b) AWNP 600, (C) AWNP 700, (d) AWNP 800.
Fig. 4
Adsorption-desorption isotherms of activated carbons PCC, AWNP 600, AWNP 700, AWNP 800 carbons.
Table 1
Sample code, surface area, pore volume, average pore diameter, and production yield of waste newspaper derived carbon.
Sample | [m2/g] | [m2/g] | [m2/g] | [cm3/g] | [cm3/g] | [cm3/g] | VMicro/VTotal [%] | VMeso/VTotal [%] | [nm] | Production yield of carbon [%] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PCC | 333.06 | 231.01 | 105.03 | 0.59 | 0.54 | 0.05 | 91.5 | 0.85 | 7.9 | 63.00 |
AWNP 600 | 621.25 | 371.39 | 250.07 | 0.96 | 0.77 | 0.19 | 80.2 | 19.7 | 7.8 | 55.66 |
AWNP 700 | 832.37 | 493.56 | 339.60 | 1.11 | 0.84 | 0.27 | 75.6 | 24.3 | 6.9 | 49.79 |
AWNP 800 | 1104.8 | 563.71 | 503.39 | 1.30 | 0.82 | 0.48 | 63.0 | 36.9 | 4.8 | 45.89 |
aBET surface area; bMicropore surface area; cMesopore surface area; dTotal pore volume; eMicropore volume; fMesopore volume; gAverage pore diameter
Fig. 5
Effect of compression pressure treatment on the electrical conductivity of the activated carbon samples.
Fig. 6
Cyclic voltammograms of (a) AWNP 600, (b) AWNP 700, (c) AWNP 800 using 1 M H2SO4 as electrolyte at different scan rates.
Fig. 7
Cyclic voltammogram of AWNP 800 at various scan rates ranging from 10 mV/s to 100 mV/s.
Fig. 8
Nyquist plot of the as-prepared AWNP 800.
Fig. 9
Charge-discharge curves of AWNP 800 at fixed 2 Ag−1.
Fig. 10
Cycling stability of AWNP 800 electrode.
Fig. 11
Size and dimensions of the supercapacitor electrode.
Fig. 12
Schematic representation of AWNP 800 supercapacitor electrode cell.
Table 2
Characteristics of lab made supercapacitor.
Characteristics | Lab made supercapacitor |
|---|---|
operating temperature range | -35 °C to +70 °C |
Capacitance | 100 F to 380 F |
Rated voltage | 1200 v to 3000 v(DC current) Protection against overvoltage |
Tolerance | ±10% to ±15 % |
Dissipation factor | +0.5 × 10−3 (measured at 100 Hz and 25 °C) |
Life expectancy | 10,000 hours at 85 °C (life span of at least 20 years) |
Environment friendly | Green product |