
Fig. 1
Schematic setup for the investigation of heat transfer rate of Co–Mn ferrofluids in external magnetic field.

Fig. 2
Indexed X-ray diffraction patterns of (a) CoFe2O4, (b) Co0.7Mn0.3Fe2O4, (c) Co0.5Mn0.5Fe2O4, (d) Co0.3Mn0.7Fe2O4 and (e) MnFe2O4.
Table 1
Summary of lattice constant values [ Å] for Co1–xMnxFe2O4 with x varying from 0.0, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7 and 1.0.
| No | Sample | Lattice constant [Å] |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | CoFe2O4 | 8.397 |
| 2 | Co0.7Mn0.3Fe2O4 | 8.424 |
| 3 | Co0.5Mn0.5Fe2O4 | 8.421 |
| 4 | Co0.3Mn0.7Fe2O4 | 8.466 |
| 5 | MnFe2O4 | 8.493 |

Fig. 3
Magnetization curves of CoFe2O4, Co0.7Mn0.3Fe2O4, Co0.5Mn0.5Fe2O4, Co0.3Mn0.7Fe2O4 and MnFe2O4 at room temperature.

Fig. 4
SEM images of manganese substituted CoFe2O4 nanoparticles.

Fig. 5
(a) TG and (b) DTA results of manganese substituted CoFe2O4 nanoparticles with x = 0.0, 0.3 and 0.5.

Fig. 6
Heat transfer rate of transformer oil based CoFe2O4 ferrofluid at an applied external magnetic fields for I = 1.8 A and 2.7 A.

Fig. 7
Heat transfer rate of transformer oil based Co0:5Mn0:5 Fe2O4 ferrofluid at an applied external magnetic fields for I = 1.8 A and 2.7 A.

Fig. 8
Heat transfer rate of transformer oil based MnFe2O4 ferrofluid at an applied external magnetic fields for I = 1.8 A and 2.7 A.