References
- [1] Directive No. the Council of Europe, 114 of 8 December 2008 on the identification and designation of European critical infrastructures and the assessment of the need to improve their protection. Official Journal of the European Union/75, article L375. 2 (a).
- [2] The conclusions of the European Council of 10/11 December 2009 on the “Stockholm Program-an open and secure Europe serving and protecting the citizens (2012-2014).”
- [3] COM (2010) 673 final. National Security Strategy of the European Union: 5 steps to a safer Europe. Goal 2: prevent terrorism and concentrating on radicalization and recruitment. Goal 5: increase resilience of Europe in crisis situations and disasters.
- [4] COM(2006) 786 final.
- [5] Directive No. 114 of the Council of Europe, December 8, 2008 on the identification and designation of European critical infrastructures and the assessment of the need to improve their protection. Official Journal of the European Union L375/75.
- [6] Interdependence: “a bidirectional relationship between two infrastructures through which the state of each infrastructure is influenced by or correlated to the state of the other,” Steven M. Rinaldi, James P. Peerenboom, Terrence K. Kelly, Identifying, Understanding and Analyzing Critical Infrastructure Interdependencies. IEEE Control Systems Magazine, December 2001, p. 14
- [7] Working document of the Commission on the Review of the European Program for Critical Infrastructure Protection, (EPCIP), SWD (2012) 190 final
- [8] In the context of operationalizing and the functioning of the Single European Sky, EUROCONTROL Agency has been appointed as the Network Manager for The European Union of Air Traffic Management (ATM). This has required the establishment of some cooperation links for consultation and decision making between all actors involved in air traffic operations (for example: national suppliers of air transport services, airspace users, airports, the competent national authorities and the armed forces, both at the level of authority on the matter, and as provider of services).
- [9] Space technology-based systems introduce a wide spectrum of applications that play a fundamental role in our daily work, and are critical for key areas of the economy and facilitate our security. With the increasing reliance on services provided by using spatial technology, the capability of the space infrastructure has become essential to our society.
- [10] As demonstrated in previous years, as a result of current outages on extended areas, a single incident affecting a significant element of the network, can affect the supply to the entire continent. Threats (produced by humans) have a similar cross-border operation, while the attackers or coordinated actions may concern the networks at regional, European or international level, in the case of cyber attacks.
- [11] Physical threats (from terrorism, the boycotts and strikes), destructive natural events (earthquakes, floods, low temperatures, storms) and commercial disputes to which this network is subjected, make it vulnerable and threaten Europe's access to natural gas.
- [12] Directive No. 114/2008 of the Council of Europe of December 8, 2008 on the identification and designation of European critical infrastructures and the assessment of the need to improve their protection. Official Journal of the European Union L345/75.
- [13] European Council conclusions of June 9/10, 2011 on the development of the external dimension PEPIC.
- [14] Proposal for athe EFTA Council decision on the position to be adopted by the European Union within the framework of the EEA Joint Committee, on an amendment to Protocol 31 of the EEA Agreement, on cooperation in specific fields, other than the four freedoms.
- [15] The Joint Committee of the EEA Decision 101/2012 (identification and designation of European critical infrastructure).
- [16] Notifications from Norway (7/12/2012) and Iceland (4/3/2013) for the specific constitutional requirements of decision No. 101/2012-improvement of Protocol 31 of the EEA Agreement-the Council of Europe Directive No. 114/2008.
- [17] COM (2011) 845 final.