Analysis of the highway tunnels monitoring using an optical fiber implemented into primary lining

Fajkus, Marcel; Nedoma, Jan; Mec, Pavel; Hrubesova, Eva; Martinek, Radek; Vasinek, Vladimir

doi:10.1515/jee-2017-0068

Abstract

This article is focused on the analysis of the use of distributed fibre-optic technology for security monitoring of road tunnel and motorway tunnel structural load. The authors focused on the measurements of deformation utilizing Brillouin Time Domain Reflectometry (BOTDR). The principle is based on the measurement of stimulated Brillouin scattering. The article describes and analyses real measurements within a period of 5 months, which were carried out during the tunnelling and the whole process of building a new tunnel in Žilina, Slovakia. The performed experimental measurements were carried out using a standard optic telecommunication cable with water-absorbing aramid yarns and a jacket with a diameter of 4.2 mm. The contribution of this article lies in the introductory analysis of the implementation and use of the fibre-optic technology for security monitoring of road tunnel and motorway tunnel structural load.

References

[1] P. Lunardi, Design and Construction of Tunnels, 1st ed. Berlin Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2008.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[2] L. Uotinen, “Design of Shotcrete Rock Reinforcement Hard Rock according to Eurocode”, Seminar on Geoengineering, Espoo, Finland, 2011.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[3] G. C. Cho, J. H. Lee, K. I. Song and S. R. Lee, Proceedings of the World Tunnel Congress, 2007.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[4] J. Singer, H. Grafinger and K. Thuro, “Monitoring the Deformation of a Temporary Top Heading Invert using Time Domain Reflectometry”, Geomech. und Tunnelbau, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 238–249, 2009.10.1002/geot.200900023
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[5] R. Farrell, R. Mair, A. Sciotti and A. Pigorini, “Building Response to Tunnelling”, Soils Found., vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 269–279, 2014.10.1016/j.sandf.2014.04.003
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[6] Z. Sikora and R. Ossowski, “Geotechnical Aspects of Dike Construction using Soil-Ash Composites”, Procedia Engineering, 2013, vol. 57, pp. 1029–1035.10.1016/j.proeng.2013.04.130
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[7] E. Hrubesova, L. Duris, A. Melichar and M. Jaafar, “Determination of Tunnel Face Stabilizing Pressure using Numerical and Analytical Methods”, Advances and Trends Engineering Sciences and Technologies II - Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Engineering Sciences and Technologies, ESaT 2016, 2017, pp. 767–772.10.1201/9781315393827-130
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[8] E. Hrubesova, H. Lahuta, L. Duris and M. Jaafar, “Mathematical Modeling of Foundation-Subsoil Interaction”, International Multidisciplinary Scientific Geo Conference Surveying Geology and Mining Ecology Management, SGEM, 2015, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 437–444.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[9] S. Argyroudis, A. M. Kaynia and K. Pitilakis, “Development of Fragility Functions for Geotechnical Constructions: Application to Cantilever Retaining Walls”, Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., vol. 50, pp. 106–116, 2013.10.1016/j.soildyn.2013.02.014
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[10] A. F. Cabalar, A. Cevik and C. Gokceoglu, “Some Applications of Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) Geotechnical Engineering”, Comput. Geotech., vol. 40, pp. 14–33, 2012.10.1016/j.compgeo.2011.09.008
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[11] C. Kolat, R. Ulusay and M. L. Suzen, “Development of Geotechnical Microzonation Model for Yenisehir (Bursa, Turkey) Located at a Seismically Active Region”, Eng. Geol., vol. 127, pp. 36–53, 2012.10.1016/j.enggeo.2011.12.014
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[12] H. S. Kim, G. C. Cho, J. Y. Lee, and S. J. Kim, “Geotechnical and Geophysical Properties of Deep Marine Fine-Grained Sediments Recovered during the Second Ulleung Basin Gas Hydrate Expedition, East Sea, Korea”, Mar. Pet. Geol., vol. 47, pp. 56–65, 2013.10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2013.05.009
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[13] F. Shaaban, A. Ismail, U. Massoud, H. Mesbah, A. Lethy and A. M. Abbas, “Geotechnical Assessment of Ground Conditions Around a Tilted Building Cairo, Egypt using Geophysical Approaches”, Arab. J. Geosci., vol. 6, no. 12, pp. 4961–4972, 2013.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[14] S. Jia, Y. Zhao and C. Zou, “Numerical Solution to Identification Problems of Material Parameters Geotechnical Engineering”, Procedia Engineering, 2012, vol. 28, pp. 61–65.10.1016/j.proeng.2012.01.683
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[15] I. Papaioannou and D. Straub, “Reliability Updating Geotechnical Engineering Including Spatial Variability of Soil”, Comput. Geotech., vol. 42, pp. 44–51, 2012.10.1016/j.compgeo.2011.12.004
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[16] M. Ghorbani, M. Sharifzadeh, S. Yasrobi and D. M. aiyan, “Geotechnical, Structural and Geodetic Measurements for Conventional Tunnelling Hazards Urban Areas – the Case of Niayesh Road Tunnel Project”, Tunn. Undergr. Sp. Technol., vol. 31, pp. 1–8, 2012.10.1016/j.tust.2012.02.009
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[17] M. Al-Mukhtar, S. Khattab and J.-F. Alcover, “Microstructure and Geotechnical Properties of Lime-Treated Expansive Clayey Soil”, Eng. Geol., vol. 139-140, pp. 17–27, 2012.10.1016/j.enggeo.2012.04.004
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[18] G. Song, W. Li, B. Wang and S. C. M. Ho, “A Review of Rock Bolt Monitoring using Smart Sensors”, vol. 17, no. 4. MDPI AG, 05-Apr-2017.10.3390/s17040776
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[19] S. C. M. Ho, W. Li, B. Wang and G. Song, “A Load Measuring Anchor Plate for Rock Bolt using Fiber Optic Sensor”, vol. 26, no. 5, April 2017.10.1088/1361-665X/aa6ae8
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[20] T. M. Do and Y. S. Kim, “Prediction of Load Transfer Depth for Cost-Effective Design of Ground Anchors using FBG Sensors Embedded Tendon and Numerical Analysis”, vol. 10, no. 6, pp. 737–755, June 2016.10.12989/gae.2016.10.6.737
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[21] W. Moorman, L. Taerwe, W. De Waele, J. Degrieck, and J. Himpe, “Measuring Ground Anchor Forces of a Quay Wall with Bragg Sensors”, vol. 131, no. 2, pp. 322–328, February 2005.10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2005)131:2(322)
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[22] M. Schroeck, W. Ecke, and A. Graupner, “Strain Monitoring Steel Rock Bolts using FBG Sensor Arrays”, vol. 4074, pp. 298–304, 2000.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[23] X. Weng, H. Ma, and J. Wang, “Stress Monitoring for Anchor Rods System Subway Tunnel using FBG Technology”, vol. 2015, 1.2.2015.10.1155/2015/480184
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[24] S. Li, J. Ma, and J. Hu, “Rockfall hazard alarm strategy based on FBG smart passive net structure”, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 19–23, Mar 2015.10.1007/s13320-014-0203-2
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[25] Q. Jiang, Q. M. Sui, Q. S. Zhang, and X. Z. Cui, “Technology Study of Optical Fiber Bragg Grating Anchor Bar Sensor Tunnel Strain Monitoring”, vol. 27, SUPPL., pp. 315–318, Oct 2006.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[26] Y. Guan et al “Monitoring Research of Fiber Bragg Grating Strain Sensors Embedded Tunnel Secondary Lining”, Guangxue Jishu/Optical Tech., vol. 40, no. 6, pp. 547–550, 2014.10.3788/GXJS20144006.0547
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[27] T. Nishino, “Measurement of Tunnel-Ceiling and Side-Wall Displacements using Arc-Shaped Beam and Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors Hiroshi Naruse, Shinya Furukaw1”, 2012, vol. 8421.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[28] M. Fajkus et al “Mathematical Model of Optimized Design of Multi-Point Sensoric Measurement with Bragg Gratings using Wavelength Divison Multiplex”, Proceedings of SPIE – The International Society for Optical Engineering, 2016, vol. 9889.10.1117/12.2239551
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[29] M. Fajkus et al “Capacity of Wavelength and Time Division Multiplexing for Quasi-Distributed Measurement using Fiber Bragg Gratings”, Adv. Electr. Electron. Eng., vol. 13, no. 5, 2015.10.15598/aeee.v13i5.1508
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[30] M. Papes et al “Concrete Deflection Measurement using Fiber Optic Distributed Strain System”, Proceedings of SPIE – The International Society for Optical Engineering, 2015, vol. 9659.10.1117/12.2196203
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[31] M. Fajkus et al “Effect of the Geometric Deformations on the Brillouin Scattering the Standard Single-Mode Optical Fiber”, Proceedings of SPIE – The International Society for Optical Engineering, 2016, vol. 9889.10.1117/12.2239550
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[32] M. Fajkus, J. Nedoma, L. Bednarek, J. Frnda and V. Vasinek, “Analysis of the Applicability of Singlemode Optical Fibers for Measurement of Deformation with Distributed Systems BOTDR“ Adv. Electr. Electron. Eng., vol. 14, no. 4Special, 2016.10.15598/aeee.v14i4.1785
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[33] F. Wang, H. Huang, D. Zhang, W. Zhang and R. Xu, “Deformation Sensing Mehod of Shield Tunnel based on Optical Fiber Sensing Technology of BOTDA”, vol. 32, no. 9, pp. 1901–1908, Sep 2013.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[34] S. Song, Z. Wu, C. Yang, C. Wan and S. Shen, “Deformation Monitoring of Shield Tunnel based on Distributed Optical Fiber Strain Sensing Technology”, 2011, vol. 2, pp. 2058–2066.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[35] H. T. Qiu, C. Li, H. L. Cui, D. Zhang and Y. Ding, “Stain Monitoring for Tunnel using Distributed Optical Fiber BOTDR Sensors”, 2008, pp. 27–30.10.1201/9780203883204.ch6
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[36] R. A. Mo at, J. F. Beltran and R. Herrera “Applications of BOTDR Fiber Optics to the Monitoring of Underground Structures”, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 397–414, Sep 2015.10.12989/gae.2015.9.3.397
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[37] B. Shi et al “Study on BOTDR-based Distributed Optical Fiber Strain Measurement for Tunnel Health Diagnosis”, vol. 24, no. 15, pp. 2622–2628, Aug 2005.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[38] J. Ching and K.-K. Phoon, “Quantile Value Method versus Design Value Method for Calibration of Reliability-Based Geotechnical Codes”, Struct. Saf., vol. 44, pp. 47–58, 2013.10.1016/j.strusafe.2013.04.003
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[39] M. Ghayoomi, S. Dashti and J. S. McCartney, “Performance of a Transparent Flexible Shear Beam Container for Geotechnical Centrifuge Modeling of Dynamic Problems”, Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., vol. 53, pp. 230–239, 2013.10.1016/j.soildyn.2013.07.007
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[40] C. H. Juang and L. Wang, “Reliability-Based Robust Geotechnical Design of Spread Foundations using Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm”, Comput. Geotech., vol. 48, pp. 96–106, 2013.10.1016/j.compgeo.2012.10.003
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[41] T. Horiguchi, K. Shimizu, T. Kurashima, M. Tateda and Y. Koyamada, “Development of a Distributed Sensing Technique using Brillouin Scattering”, Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol. 13, no. 7, pp. 1296–1302, July 1995.10.1109/50.400684
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[42] Z. Xiaofei, H. Wenjie, Z. Qing, S. Yanxin, M. Xianwei and H. Yongwen, “Development of Optical Fiber Strain Monitoring System based on BOTDR”, IEEE 2011 10th International Conference on Electronic Measurement Instruments, 2011, vol. 4, pp. 38–41.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article

Analysis of the highway tunnels monitoring using an optical fiber implemented into primary lining

Abstract

Paradigm

My account