Skip to main content
Have a personal or library account? Click to login
Blood level of cadmium and lead in occupationally exposed persons in Gwagwalada, Abuja, Nigeria Cover

Blood level of cadmium and lead in occupationally exposed persons in Gwagwalada, Abuja, Nigeria

Open Access
|Mar 2016

References

  1. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. ATSDR. (1999b).. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service pp. 25–35, Atlanta, GA: U.S.
  2. Alessio L. (1988). Relationships between “chelatable lead” and the indicators of exposure and effect in current and past occupational life.: 293–299.
  3. Babalola OO, Ojo IO, Adereme MO. (2005). Lead level in some biological samples of automechanics in Abeokuta, Nigeria.(6): 401–403.
  4. CDC. Preventing lead poisoning in young children. Atlanta, GA: CDC [Accessed June 5, 2014].
  5. Cornelis R, Heinzow B, Herber RFM, Molin Christensen J, Paulsen OM, Sabbion E,(2005). Sample Collection Guidelines for Trace Elements in Blood and Urine (Technical Report): International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC).(9): 1575–1608.
  6. Ehrlich R, Robbins T, Jordan E, Miller S, Mbuli S, Selby P. (1998). Lead absorption and renal dysfunction in a South African battery factory.(7): 453–460.
  7. Elinder CG. (1985). Exposure, dose and metabolism. in: Cadmium and Health:, pp. 23–63, Floridea CRC Press, Baca Raton.
  8. Galadima A, Garba ZN. (2012). Heavy metal pollution in Nigeria: Causes and Consequences.: 7917–7922.
  9. Goyer RA. (1986). Toxic effects of metals. In:(3rd edition) pp. 582–635, Macmillan Publishing Company, New York
  10. Herman DS, Geraldine M, Venkatesh T. (2007). Evaluation, diagnosis and treatment of lead poisoning in a patient with occupational lead exposure: a case presentation.: 7–11.
  11. Huber L. (2007). Interpharm Press, East Englewood CO, USA.
  12. Ibeto CN, Okoye COB. (2009). Elevated Cadmium levels in Blood of the Urban Population in Enugu State, Nigeria.(10): 1225–1262.
  13. International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH). (1994).. Available from:.
  14. Inyengar GR, Subramanian KS, Woittiez JRW. (1998). Sample decomposition in:. pp. 103–125, Principles and Practice, CRC Press, Boca Raton.
  15. Irechukwu EN, Chima P. (2012). Social Service Administration in Gwagwalada Area Council: Militating Factors.(3): 159–170.
  16. Jarup L, Berglund M, Elinder CG, Nordberg G and Vahter M. (1998). Health effects of Cadmium exposure – a review of the literature and a risk estimate.,(1): 1–52.
  17. Kobayashi E, Suwazuno Y, Dochi M, Honda R, Kido T, Nagakawa H. (2009). Influence of consumption of Cadmium-polluted rice from Jinzu River water on occurrence of renal tubular dysfunction and/or Itai-itai disease.: 257–268.
  18. Kovarik W. (2005). “Ethyl-leaded gasoline: how a classic occupational disease became an international public health disaster”.(4): 384–397.
  19. Lauwerys R, Buchet JP, Roels H, Bernard A. (1982). Cadmium toxicity: summary of personal studies.(1): 7–17.
  20. Musa A, Garba M, Yakasai IA, Odunola MT. (2011). Determination of blood levels of cadmium and Zinc in humans from Zaria, Nigeria.: 49–54.
  21. Mushak P. (1991). Gastro-intestinal absorption of lead in children and adults: Overview of biological and biophysico-chemical aspects.: 87–104.
  22. Nordberg GF. (2006). Lung cancer and exposure to environmental cadmium.: 99–101.
  23. Ogunfowokan AO, Famuyiwa SO, Adenuga AA, Fatoki OS. (2002). Determination of Cadmium and Lead in Urine of some Nigerian Subjects.: 283–287.
  24. Ogunsola OJ, Oluwole AF, Asubiojo OI, Durosinmi MA, Fatusi AO, Ruck W. (1994). Environmental impact of vehicular traffic in Nigeria: health aspects.: 146–147.
  25. Omokhodion FO. (1994). Blood lead and tap water lead levels in Ibadan, Nigeria.(3): 187–190.
  26. Orisakwe OE. (2009). Environmental pollution and blood lead levels in Nigeria: who is unexposed?: 315–317.
  27. Patrick, L. (2006). “Lead toxicity, a review of the literature. Part 1: Exposure, evaluation, and treatment”. Alternative medicine review:(1): 2–22.
  28. Staudinger KC, Roth VS. (1998). Occupational lead poisoning.(4): 10–15.
  29. Usuda K, Kono K, Ohnishi K, Nakayama S, Sugiura Y, Kimura M,(2011). Toxicological Aspects of Cadmium and occupational health activities to prevent workplace exposure in Japan: A narrative review.(3): 225–233.
  30. World Health Organization. (2007)., World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe. pp. 40–45. Available from:
  31. World Health Organization. (1996).WHO, Geneva. Available from:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/intox-2015-0022 | Journal eISSN: 1337-9569 | Journal ISSN: 1337-6853
Language: English
Page range: 146 - 150
Submitted on: Apr 20, 2015
Accepted on: Sep 17, 2015
Published on: Mar 7, 2016
Published by: Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Pharmacology & Toxicology, Centre of Experimental Medicine
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

© 2016 Lukman Adewale Alli, published by Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Pharmacology & Toxicology, Centre of Experimental Medicine
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.