Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Significant development of CSR themes and its pivotal articles
| Stage | Period | Pivotal Articles |
|---|---|---|
| Incubation | 1949–1979 | Alexander and Buchholz (1978); Abbott and Monsen (1979) |
| Exploration | 1980–1989 | Aupperle et al. (1985); Wartick and Cochran (1985); McGuire et al. (1988) |
| Adolescent | 1990–1999 | Wood (1991); Clarkson (1995); Brown and Dacin (1997); Russo and Fouts (1997); Waddock and Graves (1997); |
| Relative | 2000–2011 | Hillman and Keim (2001); McWilliams and Siegel (2001); Orlitzky et al. (2003); Matten and Crane (2005); |
Main themes of CSR (Context, Strategy, and Reputation)
| Corporate Context (n=28): Theoretical Study (n=9); Empirical Study (n=19) | |
|---|---|
| Individual | Values: Swanson (1999) (T) |
| CEO’s compensation: Deckop et al. (2006) (E) | |
| Organisational | Ownership: Graves and Waddock (1994) (E); Johnson and Greening (1999)(E); Neubaum and Zahra (2006)(E); |
| Societal | Regional: Maignan and Ralston (2002) (E); Matten and Moon (2008) (E) |
| Industrial: Bhambri and Sonnenfeld (1988) (E); Marcus and Anderson (2006) (E) | |
| Institutional: Gardberg and Fombrun (2006) (T); Husted and Allen (2006) (E); Campbell (2007) (T); Brammer and Millington (2008) (E); | |
| CSR-related Strategy (n=38): Theoretical Study (n=15); Empirical Study (n=23) | |
| Risk Management: Godfrey et al. (2009) (E); Luo and Bhattacharya (2009) (E) | |
| Environment: Menon and Menon (1997) (T); McGee et al. (1998) (T) | |
| Marketing: Handelman and Arnold (1999) (E); Ellen et al. (2006) (E); Simmons and Becker-Olsen (2006) (E); Caruana and | |
| Stakeholder Relation: Brammer and Pavelin (2006) (E); Sen et al. (2006) (E); Barnett (2007) (T); Choi and Wang (2009) (E); Kacperczyk (2009) (E) | |
| Corporate Reputation (n=12): Theoretical Study(n=1); Empirical Study (n=11) | |
| Employees’ Attractiveness: Hunt et al. (1989) (E); Turban and Greening (1997) (E) Carmeli (2005) (E) | |
| Consumers’ Attractiveness: Brown and Dacin (1997) (E); Sen and Bhattacharya (2001) (E); Lichtenstein et al. (2004) (E); Berens et al. (2005) (E); | |
CSR Research Themes
| CSR Concepts and Reviews |
|---|
| Integrative; economics; voluntary; public |
| Corporate Context |
| Individual level: personal values; incentive |
| Organisational level: stakeholder perspective; ownership perspective |
| Societal level: policy perspective; countries perspective; institutional perspective |
| CSR-related Strategy |
| Risk management; environment management; marketing management; stakeholder management |
| Corporate Reputation |
| Employees’ attractiveness; consumers’ attractiveness |
| CSP and CFP |
| CSP disclosures: annual report; letters to shareholders; corporate disclosures to society |
| CSP reputation ratings: fortune magazine ratings; reputation ratings developed by scholars; |
| Social audits: |
| CSP processes and observable outcomes: ‘behaviour’ measures of CSP; Kinder, Lydenberg, Domini (KLD) measures; Council on Economic |
| Priorities (CEP) index |
| Marketing-based measures: market return on security; excess market return of stock; abnormal market returns |
| Accounting-based indicators: firm’s return on assets (ROA); return on equity (ROE); earnings per share (EPS) |
| Perceptual measures of CFP: firm’s ‘soundness of financial position’; ‘wise use of corporate assets’; ‘financial goal achievement relative to competitors’ |
Appendix A: Sample Being Used for Analysis
| Top Academic | Top Management | Specialist | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AMJ | AMR | SMJ | JIBS | OST | JOM | JAMS | JMS | JM | OTH | CMR | HBR | SMR | JBE | BEQ | B&S | B& | Row | |
| 1949–1974 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 12 |
| 1975–1979 | 5 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 19 |
| 1980–198 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 21 |
| 1985–1989 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 17 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 39 |
| 1990–1994 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 16 | 1 | 5 | 5 | 41 |
| 1995–1999 | 4 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 25 | 3 | 19 | 5 | 71 |
| 2000–2004 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 6 | 3 | 91 | 8 | 24 | 21 | 169 |
| 2005–2011 | 0 | 10 | 11 | 1 | 4 | 7 | 8 | 11 | 4 | 1 | 9 | 8 | 4 | 233 | 18 | 40 | 33 | 402 |
| Column Total | 18 | 27 | 15 | 2 | 6 | 17 | 13 | 13 | 8 | 3 | 36 | 25 | 7 | 385 | 30 | 89 | 80 | 774 |