Fig. 1.
Phylogenetic analysis of ITS1 and ITS2 sequences performed using Maximum Likelihood method, after fitting the best model (Tamura 3-parameter); bootstrap support calculated on basis of 500 replicates
Table 1.
Comparison of selected biometrical and morphological characteristics of species of C.(Hovorkonema) nematodes recorded in birds of prey: all measurements in millimeters
| Species name | C. (Hovorkonema) americana | C. (Hovorkonema) brodskii | C. (Hovorkonema) variegatum | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Author | Chapin (1925) | Borgsteede and Okulewicz (2001) | Sultanov (1946) | Vogel (1928) | Okulewicz (1984) | Hartwich (1994) | Krone et al. 2007 |
| Country | USA, North America | Holland, Europe | Tajikistan, Asia | Germany, Europe | Poland, Europe | Germany, Europe | Germany, Europe |
| Host | Buteo borealis | Accipiter gentilis, Buteo buteo, B. lagopus | Circus aeruginosus | Grus sp., Balearica pavonina | Ciconia ciconia | Anseriformes, Ciconiiformes Gruiformes | Accipiter gentilis, A. nisus, B. buteo, C. aeruginosus, Haliaeetus albicilla |
| Number of teeth | 6 – 7 | 7 | 7 | 6 – 7 | 6 – 7 | ||
| Head collar | absent | absent | absent | absent | |||
| Male: Body length | 12 | 10.815 – 13.420 | 13.26 – 13.30 | 7.1 – 9.8 (8.7) | 8.11 – 8.43 | 4 – 14 | 12.9 |
| Body width | 0.487 – 0.545 | 0.501 | 0.31 – 0.35 | 0.25 – 0.6 | 0.409 | ||
| Oesophagus length | 0.73 | 0.721 – 0.745 | 0.714 | 0.51 – 0.58 | 0.728 | ||
| Buccal capsule (width x depth) | 0.185 x 0.185 | 0.175 – 0.187 x 0.165 – 0.174 | 0.232 x 0.276 – 0.280 | 0.105 – 0.125 (0.114) x 0.095 – 0.11 (0.106) | 0.101 – 0.105 x 0.095 – 0.10 0 | .065 – 0.170 x 0.055 – 0.166 | 0.201 x 0.184 |
| Spicules length | 0.47 – 0.49 | 0.49 – 0.511 | 0.512 | 0.58 – 0.77 (0.63) | 0.64 – 0.67* | 0.320 – 0.870 | 0.522 |
| Gubernaculum | present, 0.067 long | present, 0.070 – 0.074 long | absent | present | ? | ? | ? |
| Female: Body length | up to 30 | 26.7 – 28.95 | 18.5 – 19 | 15.3 – 30.5 | 25.95 | 4.9 – 46 | 29.3 |
| Body width | 0.975 – 1.4 | 1.02 | 0.68 | 0.55 – 1.0 | 1.04 | ||
| Oesophagus length | 0.96 | 0.908 – 0.952 | 1.09 | 0.55 – 1.25 0 | .935 | ||
| Buccal capsule (width x depth) | 0.37 x 0.28 | 0.36 – 0.37 x 0.275 – 0.283 | 0.408 – 0.544 | 0.393 – 0.275 | 0.31 x 0.25 | 0.11 – 0.56 x 0.08 – 0.368 | 0.525 x 0.371 |
| Vulvar distance from anterior end | “…vulva just before to the middle of the body…” | 13.07 – 14.375 | before middle of the body | 36 – 40.5 (38.2) % of the body length | 10.22 | 14 – 16 | 16.94 |
| Tail length | 0.350 – 0.377 | 0.360 | 0.19 – 0.25 | 0.22 | 0.16 – 0.45 | 0.467 | |
| Eggs | 0.072 x 0.042 | 0.074 – 0.076 x 0.042 – 0.044 | 0.092 – 0.096 x 0.048 | 0.070 – 0.088 x 0.046 – 0.055 | 0.072 – 0.080 x 0.049 – 0.051 0 | .082 x 0.043 | |
* in original text 0.64 – 6.67 – probably typographic error surprisingly, with only part of the sequences deposited by Krone et al. (2007) and described as “Hovorkonema variegatum” (Fig. 1).
Table 2.
Comparison of selected biometrical and morphological characteristics of C.(Hovorkonema) bronchialis (Mühling, 1884); all measurements in millimeters
| Author | Chapin (1925) | Griffiths et al. (1954) | Ryžikov and Zavadil (1958) | Hernandez-Rodriguez et al. (1978) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Country | USA, North America | USA, North America | Ukraina, Europe | Espania, Europe |
| Host | domestic geese, swans | domestic geese | Anser anser dom | . Anser anser |
| Number of teeth | ? | 6 – 7 | 7 | ? |
| Head collar | absent | absent | weakly differentiated | ? |
| Male: Body length | 4 – 5.8 | 9.5 – 10 | 9.5 – 10.7 | 10 – 12 |
| Body width | 0.25 – 0.328 | 0.32 – 0.33 | 0.367 – 0.402 | |
| Oesophagus length | 0.35 | 0.560 – 0.570 | 0.630 – 0.690 | |
| Buccal capsule (width x depth) | 0.09 – 0.13 x 0.14 | 0.145 – 0.15 x 0.109 – 0.132 | 0.117 – 0.123 x 0.091 – 0.105 | |
| Spicules length | 0.51 – 0.62 | 0.54 – 0.70 | 0.58 – 0.72 | 0.56 – 0.70 |
| Gubernaculum | ? | ? | present, 0.08 long | ? |
| Female: Body length | 16 – 31 | 16 – 26 | 25 – 40 | 22 – 28 |
| Body width | 0.7 – 0.9 | 0.75 – 0.86 | 0.62 – 0.83 | 0.376 – 0.779 |
| Oesophagus length | 1.0 – 1.14 | 1.12 – 1.15 | 1.210 – 1.350 | |
| Buccal capsule (width x depth) | 0.325 x 0.205 | 0.33 – 0.42 x 0.325 | 0.41 – 0.56 x 0.304 – 0.368 | 0.262 – 0.297 x 0.290 – 0.320 |
| Vulvar distance from anterior end | “…vulva just in front to the anterior end…” | “…posterior part of the anterior third of the body…” | 12 – 14.5 mm from anterior end | in first 1/3 length of the body |
| Tail length | 0.16 – 0.30 | 0.075 | 0.272 – 0.336 | 0.230 – 0.263 |
| Eggs | 0.074 – 0.083 x 0.049 – 0.062 | 0.068 – 0.085 x 0.043 – 0.058 | 0.073 – 0.083 x 0.052 – 0.056 | 0.082 – 0.086 x 0.059 – 0.065 |