Table 1.
Heavy metal concentrations in tissues of mice intoxicated with heavy metals (lead Pb, cadmium Cd, mercury Hg) and infected with A. suum
| Heavy metal | Experimental groups | Days of experiment (Days post infection) | liver (mg/kg) (mean±S.D.) | kidneys (mg/kg) (mean±S.D.) | Muscles (mg/kg) (mean±S.D.) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pb | control | 0 | 0.12 ± 0.06 | 0.22 ± 0.08 | 0.16 ± 0.09 |
| intoxication (before infection) | 21 | 0.51 ± 0.18 | #0.71 ± 0.05 | 0.71 ± 0.18 | |
| intoxicated | 35 | 0.27 ± 0.03 | 0.34 ± 0.04 | 0.48 ± 0.04 | |
| intoxicated+infected | 35 (14 p.i.) | 0.36 ± 0.14 | 0.44 ± 0.02 | 0.59 ± 0.14 | |
| Cd | control | 0 | 0.02 ± 0.01 | 0.05 ± 0.01 | 0.03 ± 0.01 |
| intoxication (before infection) | 21 | ##0.61 ± 0.09 | ##0.75 ± 0.05 | 0.04 ± 0.01 | |
| intoxicated | 35 | #0.87 ± 0.57 | ####2.06 ± 0.32 | 0.03 ± 0.01 | |
| intoxicated+infected | 35 (14 p.i.) | 0.35 ± 0.30 | *1.17 ± 0.29 | 0.05 ± 0.01 | |
| Hg | control | 0 | 1.03 ± 0.35 | 0.98 ± 0.39 | 0.03 ± 0.01 |
| intoxication (before infection) | 21 | ####10.44 ± 0.29 | ####160.56 ±1 2.78 | ##0.67 ± 0.23 | |
| intoxicated | 35 | ####11.48 ± 2.89 | ####75.48 ± 15.25 | ##0.46 ± 0.28 | |
| intoxicated+infected | 35 (14 p.i.) | 9.57 ± 4.12 | 90.68±1.57 | 0.52±0.18 |
#### (P<0.0001) statistically significant differences between control and heavy metal’s intoxication;
* (P<0.05) statistically significant differences between heavy metal’s intoxication and heavy metal’s intoxication in combination with A. suum infection.
#### (P<0.0001) statistically significant differences between control and heavy metal’s intoxication;
#### (P<0.0001) statistically significant differences between control and heavy metal’s intoxication;
#### (P<0.0001) statistically significant differences between control and heavy metal’s intoxication;
Table 2.
Parasite larval burden in mice intoxicated with heavy metals (lead Pb, cadmium Cd, mercury Hg) and infected with A. suum
| Heavy Metal Intoxication | Days of experiment (Days post infection) | A.suum | intoxication + A.suum | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liver (mean±S.D.) | lungs (mean±S.D.) | lungs (mean±S.D.) | lungs (mean±S.D.) | ||
| Pb | 25. (4. p.i.) | 195.0 ± 43.0 | 250.6 ± 28.7 | ||
| 28. (7. p.i.) | 3.3 ± 1.5 | 66.7 ± 15.9 | 2.6 ± 3.8 | 86.3 ± 17.5 | |
| Cd | 25. (4. p.i.) | 225.5 ± 57.3 | *87.3 ± 42.2 | ||
| 28. (7. p.i.) | 7.3 ± 3.5 | 31.7 ± 23.6 | 2.3 ± 4.0 | 33.3 ± 2.1 | |
| Hg | 25. (4. p.i.) | 179.3 ± 40.5 | *70.0 ± 24.0 | ||
| 28. (7. p.i.) | 4.3 ± 3.2 | 25.7 ± 6.1 | 4.3 ± 4.2 | *7.3 ± 3.2 | |
* P<0.05) statistically significant differences between A. suum infection and heavy metal’s intoxication in combination with A. suum infection
Fig. 1.
Cytokine production (a) IL-5, (b) IL-10, (c) TNF-α, (d) IFN-γ by mouse splenocytes intoxicated with lead (Pb) and infected with A. suum. #(P<0.05); ##(P<0.01); ###(P<0.001); ####(P<0.0001) statistically significant differences between control and heavy metal’s intoxication without parasitic infection; *(P<0.05); **(P<0.01); ***(P<0.001) statistically significant differences between A. suum infection and heavy metal’s intoxication in combination with A. suum infection.
Fig. 2.
Cytokine production (a) IL-5, (b) IL-10, (c) TNF-α, (d) IFN-γ by mouse splenocytes intoxicated with cadmium (Cd) and infected with A. suum. #(P<0.05); ##(P<0.01); ###(P<0.001); ####(P<0.0001) statistically significant differences between control and heavy metal’s intoxication without parasitic infection; **(P<0.01) statistically significant differences between A. suum infection and heavy metal’s intoxication in combination with A. suum infection.
Fig. 3.
Cytokine production (a) IL-5, (b) IL-10, (c) TNF-α, (d) IFN-γ by moue splenocytes intoxicated with mercury (Hg) and infected with A. suum. #(P<0.05); ###(P<0.001); ####(P<0.0001) statistically significant differences between control and heavy metal’s intoxication without parasitic infection; *(P<0.05); **(P<0.01); ***(P<0.001) statistically significant differences between A. suum infection and heavy metal’s intoxication in combination with A. suum infection.