References
- Agnoletti, M., Conti, L., Frezza, L. & Santoro, A. 2015: Territorial analysis of the agricultural terraced landscapes of Tuscany (Italy): Preliminary results. Sustainability 7: 4564-4581. doi: 10.3390/ su7044564.
- Arnaéz, J., Lana-Renault, N., Ruiz-Flano, P., Pascual, N. & Lasanta, T. 2017: Mass movements and infiltration on abandoned terraces in the Iberian Range, Northern Spain. Geophysical Research Abstracts Vol. 19, EGU2017-6942, 2017 EGU General Assembly 2017.
- Belonovskaya, E., Gracheva, R., Shorkunov, I. & Vinogradova, V. 2016: Grasslands of intermontane basins of Central Caucasus: land use legacies and present-day state. Hacquetia 15/2: 37-47. doi: 10.1515/hacq-2016-0016.
- Benjamin, K., Domon, G., Bouchard, A. 2005: Vegetation composition and succession of abandoned farmland: effects of ecological, historical and spatial factors. Landscape Ecology 20: 627-647. doi: 10.1007/s10980-005-0068-2.
- Borisov, A. V., Korobov, D. S., Simakova, A. N., Zanina, O. G., Buhonov, & Demidov V. V. 2012: Ancient agricultural terraces in the Kislovodsk depression: History and modern state of the soils. Eurasian Soil Science45(6): 561-577.10.1134/S1064229312060038
- Borunov, A. K. & Bochaver, A. L. 1987: Kompleks antropogennosklonovyh terras - sostoyanie, transformaciya i voprosy ispol’zovaniya (Complex of anthropogenic slope terraces - state, transformation and use issues). In: Transformation of mountain ecosystems of the Great Caucasus under the influence of economic activity. Moscow, pp. 91-103.
- Bragg, T. B. & Stephens, L. J. 1979: Effects of Agricultural Terraces on the Reestablishment of Bluestem Grasslands. Journal of Range Management 32(6):437-441.10.2307/3898554
- Braun-Blanquet, J. 1964: Pflanzensoziologie. Grundzüge der Vegetationskunde. 3rd ed. Springer, Wien 865 pp.10.1007/978-3-7091-8110-2
- Carboni, M., Dengler, J., Mantilla-Contreras, J., Venn, S. & Török, P. 2015: Conservation value, management and restoration of Europe’s semi-natural open landscapes. Hacquetia 14: 5-17.
- Cerda-Bolinches, A. 1994: The response of abandoned terraces to simulated rain. In: Rickson, R.J. (ed.). Conserving soil resources - European perspectives. CAB International, Cambridge, UK, pp. 44-55.
- Cherepanov, S. K. 1995: Plantae Vasculares Rossicae et Civitatum Collimitanearum (in Limicis URSS olim). Mir i Semia-95, St. Petersburg 990 pp.
- Csergő, A. M., Demeter, L. & Turkington, R. 2013: Declining diversity in abandoned grasslands of the Carpathian Mountains: Do dominant species matter? PLoS ONE 8(8): e73533. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0073533
- Deák, B., Tóthmérész, B., Valkó, O., Sudnik-Wójcikowska, B., Bragina, T.-M., Moysiyenko, I., Apostolova, I., Bykov, N., Dembicz, I. & Török, P. 2016: Cultural monuments and nature conservation: The role of kurgans in maintaining steppe vegetation. Biodiversity & Conservation 25: 2473-2490.10.1007/s10531-016-1081-2
- Denevan, W. D. 2001: Cultivated Landscapes of Native Amazonia and the Andes. Oxford University Press, 396 pp.
- Dengler J., Janisová M., Török P., Wellstein C. 2014: Biodiversity of Palaearctic grasslands: A synthesis. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 182: 1-14.
- Dorren, L. & Rey, F. 2012: A review of the effect of terracing on erosion. Scape: Soil erosion and protection for Europe 97. www.eusoils.jrk.eu
- Gracheva, R. G. & Belonovskaya, E. A. 2010: Sovremennoe sostoyanie pastoralnykh ecosystem Tsentralnogo Kavkaza. Izvestiya RAN, Seriya Geograficheskaya 1: 90-102.
- Gracheva, R., Kohler, Th., Stadelbauer, J. & Meessen, H. 2012: Population dynamics, changes in land management, and the future of mountain areas in the Northern Caucasus: The example of North Ossetia. Erdkunde 66(3): 197-219.10.3112/erdkunde.2012.03.02
- Habel, J.C., Dengler, J., Janisová, M., Török, P., Wellstein, C. & Wiezik, M. 2013: European grassland ecosystems: Threatened hotspots of biodiversity. Biodiversity & Conservation 22: 2131-2138.10.1007/s10531-013-0537-x
- Hansson, M. & Fogelfors, H. 2000: Management of a semi-natural grassland; results from a 15-year-old experiment in southern Sweden. Journal of Vegetation Science 11: 31-38. doi:10.2307/3236772.
- Harden, C. P. 1996: Interrelationships between land abandonment and land degradation: A case from the Ecuadorian Andes. Mountain Research and Development 16(3): 274-280.10.2307/3673950
- Hillebrand, H., Bennett, D.M. & Cadotte, M.W. 2008: Consequences of dominance: a review of evenness effects on local and regional ecosystem processes. Ecology 89: 1510-1520. doi:10.1890/07-1053.1.
- Idrisov, I. A. 2017. http://dagpravda.ru/rubriki/obshchestvo/27454301
- IUSS Working Group WRB 2014: World Reference Base for Soil Resources 2014. World Soil Resources Reports No. 106. FAO, Rome.
- Kelemen, A., Török, P., Valkó, O., Deák, B., Miglécz, T., Tóth, K., Ölvedi, T. & Tóthmérész, B. 2014: Sustaining recovered grasslands is not likely without proper management: vegetation changes and largescale evidences after cessation of mowing. Biodiversity & Conservation 23: 741-751.10.1007/s10531-014-0631-8
- Kricsfalusy, V. 2013: Mountain grasslands of high conservation value in the Eastern Carpathians. Thaiszia - Journal of Botany 23(1): 63-112.
- Kulumbegov, R. P. 2013: Sistemy zemledeliya v polevodstve gornoi Osetii (Crop farming systems in the mountainous Ossetia). Sovremennye problemy nauki i obrazovaniya (Modern problems of science and education) 5, https://www.science-education.ru/ru/article/view?id=10373 (10.02.2017)
- Kushnareva, K. Kh. 1997: The Southern Caucasus in Prehistory: Stages of Cultural and Socioeconomic Development from the Eighth to the Second Millennium B.C. University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology, 279 pp.
- Lasanta, T., Arnaéz, J., Flano, P.R. & Lana-Renault Monreal, N. 2013: Agricultural terraces in the Spanish mountains: an abandoned landscape and a potential resource. Boletín de la Asociación de Geógrafos Espanoles 63: 487-491
- Lomkatsi, S. & Gegechiladze, G. 1971: The history of slope terracing in Georgia and present practice of terraces construction. Proceedings of the Institute of Horticulture, Viticulture and Wine-making 19-20: 309-330.
- Popov, K. P. & Gogaev, A. A. 2004: Rastitel’nye resursy (Plant resources). In: Makoev Kh. Kh. (ed.) National Park “Alania”. Vladikavkaz, SOGU Publishing, pp. 55-70.
- Pykälä, J., Luoto, M., Heikkinen, R.K. & Kontula, T. 2005: Plant species richness and persistence of rare plants in abandoned seminatural grasslands in northern Europe. Basic Appl Ecol 6: 25-33. doi:10.1016/j.baae.2004.10.002.
- Ruprecht, E., Enyedi, M. Z., Eckstein, R.L. & Donath, T. W. 2010: Restorative removal of plant litter and vegetation 40 years after abandonment enhances re-emergence of steppe grassland vegetation. Biological Conservation 143: 449-456.10.1016/j.biocon.2009.11.012
- Skripnikova, M. I., Kit, M. G., Radzii, V. F. & Sveshnikova, V. A. 2002: Ancient Anthropogenic Terrace Complexes in the North Caucasus and Carpathians as the Models of Sustainable Highly Productive Agroecosystems. In: Proceedings of the third International Congress Man and Soil at the Third Millennium, Geoforma Ediciones, Logrono, Spain, 2002, pp. 821-832.
- Valkó, O., Török, P., Tóthmérész, B. & Matus, G. 2011: Restoration potential in seed banks of acidic fen and dry-mesophilous meadows: Can restoration be based on local seed banks? Restoration Ecology 19: 9-15.10.1111/j.1526-100X.2010.00679.x
- Valkó, O., Deák, B., Török, P., Kelemen, A., Miglécz, T., Tóth, K. & Tóthmérész, B. 2016a: Abandonment of croplands: problem or chance for grassland restoration? Case studies from Hungary. Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2(2): e01208. doi: 10.1002/ehs2.1208
- Valkó, O, Żmihorski, M, Biurrun, I, Loos J, Labadessa, R. & Venn, S. 2016b: Ecology and Conservation of Steppes and Semi-Natural Grasslands. Hacquetia 15(2):5-1410.1515/hacq-2016-0021
- Vinogradova, V. V., Titkova, T. B., Belonovskaya, E. A. & Gracheva, R. G. 2015: Vozdeistvie izmeneniya klimata na gornye landshafty Severnogo Kavkaza (The impact of climate change on mountain landscapes of the North Caucasus). Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa 6(12): 35-47.
- Vinogradova, V., Gracheva, R. & Belonovskaya, E. 2017: Climate change effects on mountain regions marginalized by socio-economic transformation - the case of North Caucasus. In: Pelc, S. & Koderman, M. (eds.): Perspectives on geographical marginality. V. 3. Nature, Tourism and Ethnicity as Drivers of (De)Marginalization: Insights to Marginality from Perspective of Sustainability and Development. Springer International Publishing, pp. 79 - 92.
- Wesche, K., Ambarli, D., Kamp, J., Török, P., Treiber, J. & Dengler J. 2016: The Palaearctic steppe biome: a new synthesis. Biodiversity & Conservation 25: 2197-2231.10.1007/s10531-016-1214-7