Fig. 1
Location of the Ruda Kozielska (A), Łany Małe (B) Sławięcice 1 (C) and Sławięcice 2 (D) study sites.
Table 1
Dated material and results of radiocarbon dating of sediments from the sites Łany Małe (ŁM), Ruda Kozielska (RK), Sławięcice 1 (Sw1) and Sławięcice 2 (Sw2).
| Core | Depth (cm) | Dated material | Lab. code | 14C age (BP) | Cal. age (BC/AD)* Conf. level 95% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 36–38 | seeds; i.a. Sambucus nigra | Poz-23205 | 1975 ± 30 | 50 BC – AD 80 | ||
| RK | 51–55 | alder peat | Ki-7161 | 5660 ± 80 | 4690 BC – 4350 BC | |
| 85–89 | alder peat | Gd-10225 | 6010 ±120 | 5230 BC – 4610 BC | ||
| 21–26 | mainly roots of Carex and Alnus periderm | Ki-7583 | 1720 ± 80 | AD 120 – AD 540 | ||
| 53–58 | alder peat | Ki-7569 | 2720 ± 70 | 1050 BC – 790 BC | ||
| ŁM | 58–63 | alder peat | Ki-7570 | 4530 ± 80 | 3510 BC – 2930 BC | |
| 86–91 | alder peat | Ki-7571 | 6240 ± 70 | 5360 BC – 5010 BC | ||
| 33–38 | alder peat | Ki-7566 | 1305 ±70 | AD 610 – AD 890 | ||
| 77–79 | Rubus idaeus and Sambucus nigra seeds | Poz-23206 | 2130 ± 30 | 350 BC – 50 BC | ||
| Sw1 | 79–84 | alder peat | Ki-7567 | 3755 ± 70 | 2460 BC – 1960 BC | |
| 150–155 | Pinus wood | Ki-7568 | 8050 ± 80 | 7290 BC – 6690 BC | ||
| 263–267 | brown moss peat | Ki-7157 | 9400 ± 90 | 9130 BC – 8350 BC | ||
| 28–32 | sphagnum moss-sedge peat | Ki-11229 | 200 ± 60 | AD 1520 – present | ||
| SUI2 | 70–72 | Filipendula ulmaria, Sambucus nigra and Rubus idaeus seeds | Poz-23211 | 1395 ± 30 | AD 600 – AD 680 | |
| 72–84 | alder peat | Ki-13092 | 4290 ± 60 | 3100 BC – 2690 BC | ||
| 198–204 | mainly roots and epidermis of reed | Ki-11230 | 7480 ± 60 | 6450 BC – 6230 BC | ||
* OxCal 4.2.4 (Bronk Ramsey, 2009); IntCal13 atmospheric curve (Reimer et al., 2013)
Fig. 2
Simplified pollen diagram from the Ruda Kozielska core, Ruda River valley.
Fig. 3
Macrofossil diagram from the Ruda Kozielska core, Ruda River valley.
Fig. 4
Simplified pollen diagram from the Łany Małe core, Kłodnica River valley.
Fig. 5
Macrofossil diagram from the Łany Małe core, Kłodnica River valley.
Fig. 6
Simplified pollen diagram from the Sławięcice 1 core, Kłodnica River valley.
Fig. 7
Macrofossil diagram from the Sławięcice 1 core, Kłodnica River valley.
Fig. 8
Simplified pollen diagram from the Sławięcice 2 core, Kłodnica River valley.
Fig. 9
Macrofossil diagram from the Sławięcice 2 core, Kłodnica River valley.
Fig. 10
Age-depth models of the studied cores.
Fig. 11
Model explaining the causes of inconsistencies between 14C dating and pollen analysis as a result of HSDP development.