Changes of carbon dioxide concentration in soils caused by forestry machine traffic

Allman, Michal; Jankovský, Martin; Messingerová, Valéria; Allmanová, Zuzana

doi:10.1515/forj-2016-0003

Abstract

Forestry machine traffic causes a number of changes that are not immediately reflected in morphological changes of surface soil. These changes are physical and chemical in nature. The change in subsurface soil CO₂ concentration was one of the parameters of interest. The critical CO₂ concentration is thought to fluctuate around 0.6%. The primary objective of this paper was to determine the impact of forestry machine traffic on subsurface soil CO₂ concentration. We measured CO₂ concentration in the areas undisturbed by machinery and in the ruts in skid trails in eight forest stands. The measurements were performed using a Vaisala MI 70 meter. The results confirmed significant differences in gas concentrations between the individual measurement sites. In the ruts of the skid trails, CO₂ concentrations fluctuated in a range of 0.5 to 2.81% and significantly exceeded the critical concentration. Moisture content and bulk density had a significant impact on the change in gas concentration beneath the surface, which was confirmed by multivariate analysis of variance that revealed that the values of the coefficient of correlation fluctuated in a range of 0.39 to 0.74.

References

Bouwman, A. F., Germon, J. C., 1998: Special Issue - Soils and climate change - Introduction. Biology ana Fertility of Soils, 27:219.
Search in Google Scholar
Burton, A. J., Zogg, G. P., Pregitzer, K. S., Zak, D. R., 1997: Effect of measurement CO2 concentration on sugar maple root respiration. Tree Physiology, 17:421-427.
Search in Google Scholar
Davidson, E. A., Belk, E., Boone, R. D., 1998: Soil moisture and temperature as independent or confounded factors controlling soil respiration in a temperate mixed hardwood forest, Global Change Biolog., 4:217-227.
Search in Google Scholar
Dong, Y., Scharffe, D., Lobert, J. M., Crutzen, P. J., Sanhueza, E., 1998: Fluxes of CO₂, CH₄ and N₂O from a temperate forest soil: the effects of leaves and humus layers. Tellus 50B, p. 243-252.
Search in Google Scholar
Fang, C., Moncrieff, J. B., Gholz, H. L., Clark, K. L., 1998: Soil CO₂ efflux and its spatial variation in a Florida slash pine plantation. Plant and Soil, 205:135-146.
Search in Google Scholar
Gebauer, R., Neruda, J., Ulrich, R., Martinkova, M., 2012: Soil Compaction - Impact of Harvesters’ and Forwarders’ Passages on Plant Growt. In: Julio, J. Diez (ed.): Sustainable Forest Management - Current Research, Rijeka, CRO, InTec,. Available at: http://www.intechopen.com/books/sustainable-forestmanagement-current-research/impact-of-heavymachineson-the-soil-root-system-and-plant-growth.
Search in Google Scholar
Goulden, M. L., Wofsy, S. C., Harden, J. W., Trumbore, S. E., Crill, P. M., Gower, S. T. et al., 1998: Sensitivity of boreal forest carbon balance to soil thaw. Science, 279:214-217.
Search in Google Scholar
Güldner, O., 2002: Untersuchungen zu Bodenveränderungen durch die Holzernte in Sachsen und Entwicklung eines Konzepts zur ökologisch verträglichen Feinerschliessung von Waldbeständen. In: Tagungsbericht der Sektion Forsttechnik des Verbandes Deutscher Forstlicher Versuchsanstalten, Sopron, Hungary, 10 p.
Search in Google Scholar
Hashimoto, S., Nobuaki, T., Suzuki, M., Inoue, A., Takizawa, H., Kosaka, I. et al., 2004: Soil respiration and soil CO2 concentration in a tropical forest, Thailand. Journal of Forest Research, 9:75-79.
Search in Google Scholar
Hillel, D., 1998: Environmental Soil Physics. San Diego, CA, Academac Press, 771A.
Search in Google Scholar
Hirano, T., Kim, H., 2003: Long-term half-hourly measurement of soil CO2 concentration and soil respiration in a temperate deciduous forest. Journal of Geophysical Research 108/D20: 4631.
Search in Google Scholar
Howard, D. M., Howard, P. J. A., 1993: Relationships between CO2 evolution, moisture content and temperature for a range of soil types. Soil Biology. Biochemistr., 25:1537-1546.
Search in Google Scholar
Hraško, J., Červenka, L., Facek Z., Komár, J., Němeček, J., Pospíšil, F. et al., 1962: Rozbory pôd. Bratislava, Slovenské vydavateľstvo pôdohospodárskej literatúry, 342 p.
Search in Google Scholar
Killham, K., 1994: Soil. Ecology. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 242 p.
Search in Google Scholar
Kuzyakov, Y., 2006: Sources of CO₂ efflux from soil and review of partitioning methods Soil Biology & Biochemistr, 38:425-448.
Search in Google Scholar
Morén, A.-S., Lindroth, A., 2000: CO₂ exchange at the floor of a boreal forest. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 101:1-14.
Search in Google Scholar
Lukáč, T., 2005: Viacoperačné stroje v lesnom hospodárstve. Zvolen, Vydavateľstvo Technickej univerzity vo Zvolene, 137 p.
Search in Google Scholar
Londo, A. J., Messina, M. G., Schoenholtz, S. H., 1999: Forest harvesting effects on soil temperature, moisture, and respiration in a Bottomland hardwood forest. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 63:637-644.
Search in Google Scholar
Nay, M., Mattson, K. G., Bormann, B. T., 1994: Biases of Chamber Methods for Measuring Soil CO₂ Efflux Demonstrated with a Laboratory Apparatus. Ecology, 78:2460-2463.
Search in Google Scholar
Neruda, J., Kadlec, J., Ulrich, R., Cudzik, A, 2010: Soil Carbon dioxide concentration and efflux changes in ruts after heavy machine passes, FORMEC 2010 Forest Engineering: Meeting the Needs of the Society and the Environment July 11 - 14, 2010, Padova - Italy Proceedings.
Search in Google Scholar
Ohashi, M., Gyokusen, K., Saito, A., 1999: Measurement of carbon dioxide evolution from a Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) forest floor using an open-flow chamber method. Forest Ecology and Management, 123:105-114.
Search in Google Scholar
Paul, E. A., Clark, F. E., 1989: Soil microbiology and Biochemistry. San Diego, CA, Academic Press, 273 p.
Search in Google Scholar
Rayment, M. B., Jarvis, P. G., 2000: Temporal and spatial variation of soil CO₂ efflux in a Canadian boreal forest. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 32:35-45.
Search in Google Scholar
Roy, J., Guillerm, J.-L., Navos, M.-L., Dhillion, S., 1996: Responses to elevated CO2 in Mediterranean old - field micrococosms: species community, and ecosystem components. In: Carbon Dioxide, Populations and Communities, London, Academic Press, p. 128-138.
Search in Google Scholar
Sanders, I. R., 1996: Plant-fungal interactions in a CO2-rich world. In: Carbon Dioxide, Populations and Communities, London, Academic Press, p. 266-272.
Search in Google Scholar
Schachtschabel, P., Blume, H.-P., Hartage, K.-H., Schwertmann, U., 1984: Lehrbuch der Bodenkunde, Stuttgart, Enke, 394 p.
Search in Google Scholar
Schlentner, R. E., Van Cleve K., 1984: Relationships between CO2 evolution from soil, substrate temperature, and substrate moisture in four mature forest types in interior Alaska. Canadian Journal of Forestry Research, 15:97-106.
Search in Google Scholar
Schimel, D. S., 1995: Terrestrial ecosystems and the carbon cycle. Global Change Biology, 1:77-91.
Search in Google Scholar
Schürger, J., 2012: Zhodnotenie negatívneho vplyvu traktorových technológií na pôdu v lanovkových terénoch. Zvolen, Dizertačná práca, 198 p.
Search in Google Scholar
Skoupý, A., 2011: Multikriteriálni hodnocení technologií pro soustřeďování dříví. Kostelec nad Černými lesy, Lesnická práce, 212 p.
Search in Google Scholar
Stoyan, H., 2000: Spatial heterogeneity of soil respiration and related properties at the plant scale. Plant and soil, 222:203-214.
Search in Google Scholar
Vaisala Oyj, 2012a: User’s guide Vaisala Carbocap ® Hand-Held Carbon Dioxide Meter GM70. Helsinki, Vaisala Oyj, 68 p.
Search in Google Scholar
Vaisala Oyj, 2012b: Vaisala Application Note: How to measure CO₂? Helsinki, Vaisala Oyj, 4 p.
Search in Google Scholar
Xu, M., Qi, Y., 2001: Soil-surface CO₂ efflux and its spatial and temporal variations in a young ponderosa pine plantation in northern California, Global Change Biology, 7:667- 677.
Search in Google Scholar

Changes of carbon dioxide concentration in soils caused by forestry machine traffic

Abstract

Paradigm

My account