The Photovoltaic Installation Application in the Public Utility Building

Piotrowska-Woroniak, Joanna

doi:10.1515/eces-2017-0034

Abstract

The article presents the use of photovoltaic installation in a building with office space and a section for kindergarten to support the production of electricity using solar energy. Accepted technological installation solution, capital expenditures to be incurred for the project and payback time are shown. Paper presents the results of the performance simulation of the PV system adopted depending on the angle of photovoltaic panels. Designed photovoltaic installation consists of 62 panels with a total nominal power of 15.5 kW. The use of photovoltaics in the facility allow reducing carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere by approximately 52%. In Poland, most of the electricity produced is still based on coal and lignite. Photovoltaics is one of the renewable sources of energy, so-called “Green” energy. The investment could be made thanks to the Regional Operational Programme Podlaski, Activity 5.2 Development of local infrastructure, environmental protection 2007-2013.

References

[1] Burg BR, Selviaridis A, Paredes S, Michel B. Ecological and economical advantages of efficient solar systems, CPV-10. AIP Conference Proc.1616. 2014;1:317-320. DOI: 10.1063/1.4897086.10.1063/1.4897086
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[2] Sathe TM, Dhoble AS. A review on recent advancements in photovoltaic thermal techniques. Renew Sust Energy Rev. 2017;76:645-672. DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2017.03.075.10.1016/j.rser.2017.03.075
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[3] Lai SC, Jia Y, Lai LL, Xu Z, McCulloch MD, Wong KP. A comprehensive review on large-scale photovoltaic system with applications of electrical energy storage. Renew Sust Energy Rev. 2017;78:439-451. DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2017.04.07810.1016/j.rser.2017.04.078
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[4] Branker K, Pathak M, Pearce J. A review of solar photovoltaic levelized cost of electricity. Renew Sustain Energy Rev. 2011;15(9):4470-4482. DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2011.07.104.10.1016/j.rser.2011.07.104
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[5] Directive (EU) 2015/1513 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 September 2015 amending Directive 98/70/EC relating to the quality of petrol and diesel fuels and amending Directive 2009/28/EC on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources. http://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2015/1513/oj.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[6] IEC 61724: Photovoltaic System Performance Monitoring - Guidelines for Measurement, Data Exchange and Analysis. https://webstore.iec.ch/preview/info_iec61724%7Bed1.0%7Den.pdf.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[7] Rawat R, Lamba R, Kaushik SC. Thermodynamic study of solar photovoltaic energy conversion: An overview. Renew Sustain Energy Rev. 2017;71:630-638. DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2016.12.089.10.1016/j.rser.2016.12.089
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[8] Piotrowska-Woroniak J, Załuska W, Woroniak G. Energy production from PV and carbon reduction in great lakes region of Masuria Poland: A case study of water park in Elk. Renev Energy. 2015;83:1315-1325. DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2015.05.034.10.1016/j.renene.2015.05.034
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[9] Green MA, Emer K, Hishikawa Y, Warta W, Dunlop ED. Solar cell efficiency tables (ver. 47). Progress Photovolt: Res Appl. 2016;24(1):3-11. DOI: 10.1002/pip.2728.10.1002/pip.2728
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[10] Bhubaneswari P, Iniyan S, Goic R. A review of solar photovoltaic technologies. Renew Sust Energy Rev. 2011;15(3):1625-1636. DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2010.11.032.10.1016/j.rser.2010.11.032
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[11] Caamaño-Martín E, Lorenzo E, Lastres C. Crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules: characterization in the field of rural electrification. Progr Photovolt Res Appl. 2002;10:481-493. DOI: 10.1002/pip.436.10.1002/pip.436
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[12] Shanks K, Senthilarasu S, Mallick TK. Optics for concentrating photovoltaics: Trends, limits and opportunities for materials and design. Renew Sustain Energy Rev. 2016;60(3):394-407. DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2016.01.089.10.1016/j.rser.2016.01.089
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[13] Gueymard CA. A review of validation methodologies and statistical performance indicators for modeled solar radiation data: Towards a better bankability of solar projects. Renew Sustain Energy Rev. 2014; 39:1024-1034. DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2014.07.117.10.1016/j.rser.2014.07.117
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[14] Sobolewski A. Audyt elektroenergetyczny instalacji i urządzeń budynku biurowego w Białymstoku [Audit of electrical power systems and equipment of the office building in Bialystok]. Białystok: Developed by Coral Perkowski W, Perkowski J. general partnership; 2013.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[15] Wacławek M, Rodziewicz T. Ogniwa słoneczne. Wpływ środowiska naturalnego na ich pracę. [Solar cells. The impact of the environment on their work]. II ed. Warszawa: WNT; 2015.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[16] Madeti SR, Singh SN. Monitoring system for photovoltaic plants: A review. Renew Sust Energy Rev. 2017;67:1180-1207. DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2016.09.088.10.1016/j.rser.2016.09.088
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[17] http://mib.gov.pl/2-Wskazniki_emisji_wartosci_opalowe_paliwa.htm (Bialystok ISO STAT. TXT) (access 10.04.2015). (Emission factors, calorific values of fuel, typical meteorological years and statistical climatic data for building energy calculations).
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[18] Page J, Albuisson M, Wald L. The European solar radiation atlas: a valuable digital tool. Solar En. 2001;71:81-83. DOI: 10.1016/S0038-092X(00)00157-2.10.1016/S0038-092X(00)00157-2
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[19] Almeida MP, Perpiñán O, Narvarte L. PV power forecast using a nonparametric PV model. Solar Energy. 2015;115:354-368. DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2015.03.006.10.1016/j.solener.2015.03.006
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[20] Ramsami P, Oree V. A hybrid method for forecasting the energy output of photovoltaic systems. Energy Conv Manage. 2015;95:406-413. DOI:10.1016/j.enconman.2015.02.052.10.1016/j.enconman.2015.02.052
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[21] Denholm P, Margolis RM. Evaluating the limits of solar photovoltaics (PV) in traditional electric power systems. Energy Policy. 2007;35(5):2852-2861. DOI:10.1016/j.enpol.2006.10.014.10.1016/j.enpol.2006.10.014
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[22] Lupangu C, Bansal RC. A review of technical issues on the development of solar photovoltaic systems, Renew Sustain Energy Rev. 2017;73:950-965. DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2017.02.003.10.1016/j.rser.2017.02.003
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[23] Mehleri ED, Zervas PL, Sarimveis H, Palyvos JA, Markatos NC. Determination of the optimal tilt angle and orientation for solar photovoltaic arrays. Renew Energy. 2010;35(11):2468-2475. DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2010.03.006.10.1016/j.renene.2010.03.006
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[24] Klugmann-Radziemska E. Praktyczne wykorzystanie energii słonecznej, Odnawialne Źródła Energii Opolszczyzny [The practical use of solar energy, Renewable Energy Sources Opole]. Opole: Project funded by the European Union under the European Social Fund No.1 / POKL / 8.2.1; 2008. (www.oze.opole.pl/zalacznik.php?id=355&element=471).
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[25] Chochowski A, Czekalski D. Słoneczne instalacje grzewcze [Solar heating systems]. Warszawa: COIB; 1999.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[26] Lan CW, Lan A, Yang CF, Hsu HP, Yang M, Yu A, et al. The emergence of high-performance multi-crystalline silicon in photovoltaics. J Crystal Growth. 2017;468:17-23. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2016.10.072.10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2016.10.072
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[27] http://www.solar-frontier.com/eng/news/2017/0227_press.html.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[28] Bush KA, Palmstrom AF, Yu ZJ, Boccard M, Cheacharoen R, Mailoa JP, et al. 23.6%-efficient monolithic perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells with improved stability. Nature Energy. 2017;2(4):17009. DOI: 10.1038/nenergy.2017.9.10.1038/nenergy.2017.9
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[29] Schindler F, Michl B, Krenckel P, Riepe S, Benick J, Müller R, et al. How to achieve efficiencies exceeding 22% with multicrystalline n-type silicon solar cells. Energy Procedia. 2017;124:777-780. DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2017.09.086.10.1016/j.egypro.2017.09.086
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[30] Yoshikawa K, Kawasaki H, Yoshida W, Irie T, Konishi K, Nakano K, et al. Silicon heterojunction solar cell with interdigitated back contacts for a photoconversion efficiency over 26%. Nature Energy. 2017;2:17032. DOI: 10.1038/nenergy.2017.32.10.1038/nenergy.2017.32
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[31] https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Best_Research-Cell_Efficiencies.png
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[32] Kato T, Handa A, Yagioka T, Matsuura T, Yamamoto K, Higashi S, et al. Enhanced efficiency of Cd-free Cu(In,Ga)(Se,S)₂ minimodule via (Zn,Mg)O second buffer layer and alkali metal post-treatment. IEEE J Photov. 2017;7(6):1773-1780. DOI: 10.1109/JPHOTOV.2017.2745710.10.1109/JPHOTOV.2017.2745710
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[33] Green MA, Emery K, Hishikawa Y, Warta W, Dunlop ED, Levi DH, et al. Solar cell efficiency tables (version 49). Progr Photovolt: Res Appl. 2016;25(1):3-13. DOI: 10.1002/pip.2855.10.1002/pip.2855
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[34] Green MA, Emery K, Hishikawa Y, Warta W, Dunlop ED, Levi DH, et al. Solar cell efficiency tables (version 50). Progr Photovolt: Res Appl. 2017;25(7):668-676. DOI: 10.1002/pip.2909.10.1002/pip.2909
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[35] Dong Y, Jingru L, Jianxin Y, Ning D. Life-cycle assessment of China's multi-crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules considering international trade. J Cleaner Product. 2015;94(1):35-45. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.02.003.10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.02.003
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[36] Dusonchet L, Telaretti E. Comparative economic analysis of support policies for solar PV in the most representative EU countries. Renew Sust Energy Rev. 2015;42:986-998. DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2014.10.054.10.1016/j.rser.2014.10.054
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[37] Lamnatou C, Chemisana D. Evaluation of photovoltaic-green and other roofing systems by means of ReCiPe and multiple life cycle-based environmental indicators. Building Environ. 2015;93(2):376-384. DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2015.06.031.10.1016/j.buildenv.2015.06.031
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[38] William R, Goodwell A, Richardson M, Kumar P, Stillwell AS. An environmental cost-benefit analysis of alternative green roofing strategies. Ecol Eng. 2016;95:1-9. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2016.06.091.10.1016/j.ecoleng.2016.06.091
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[39] Wskaźniki opałowe (WO) i wskaźniki emisji CO₂ (WE) w roku 2012 do raportowania w ramach Wspólnotowego Systemu Handlu Uprawnieniami do Emisji za rok 2015. Krajowy Ośrodek Bilansowania i Zarządzania Emisjami [Combustion Indicators (WO) and the emission of CO₂ (WE) in 2012 for reporting under the Community of the Emissions Trading for the year 2015]. Warszawa: the National Centre for Emissions Balancing and Management; November 2014. (http://www.kobize.pl/uploads/materialy/materialy_do_pobrania/monitorowanie_raportowanie_weryfikacja_emisji_w_eu_ets/WO_i_WE_do_stosowania_w_SHE_2015.pdf).
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[40] Pacca S, Sivaraman D, Keoleian GA. Parameters affecting the life cycle performance of PV technologies and systems. Energy Policy. 2007;35(6):3316-3326. DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2006.10.003.10.1016/j.enpol.2006.10.003
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[41] Fthenakis V, Kim HC, Alsema E. Emissions from photovoltaic life cycles. Environ Sci Technol. 2008;42(6):2168-2174. DOI: 10.1021/es071763q.10.1021/es071763q18409654
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article

The Photovoltaic Installation Application in the Public Utility Building

Abstract

Paradigm

My account