Galanin - Immunoreactive Nerve Fibers in the Mucosal Layer of the Canine Gastrointestinal Tract During Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Rychlik, Andrzej; Gonkowski, Sławomir; Nowicki, Marcin; Całka, Jarosław; Szweda, Marta

doi:10.1515/bvip-2015-0021

Abstract

The effect of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) on the density of galanin - immunoreactive (GAL-IR) nerve fibers was determined in the mucosa of canine duodenum, jejunum, and descending colon. Fiber density was evaluated by a single immunofluorescence method in biopsy specimens obtained from healthy dogs and patients with variable severity of the disease. The density of GAL-IR nerve fibers was determined by the semi-quantitative method by counting fibers in the field of view (0.l mm²). Fiber density was higher in dogs with moderate and severe IBD than in healthy animals. The results of the study suggest that GAL present in intestinal nerve fibers could play a role in the pathogenesis and development of canine IBD.

References

1. Allenspach K, Wieland B., Gröne A., Gaschen F.: Chronic enteropathies in dogs: Evaluation of risk factors for negative outcome. J Vet Intern Med 2007, 21, 700-708.10.1111/j.1939-1676.2007.tb03011.x
Search in Google Scholar
2. Anselmi L, Cervio E., Guerrini S, Vicini R, Agazzi A., Dellabianca A., Reeve J.R. Jr, Tonini M., Sternini C: Identification of galanin receptor 1 on excitatory motor neurons in the guinea pig ileum. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2005, 17, 273-280.10.1111/j.1365-2982.2004.00590.x
Search in Google Scholar
3. Arciszewski M.B, Barabasz S, Calka J.: Expression of substance P, vasoactive intestinal peptide and galanin in cultured myenteric neurons from the ovine abomasum. Vet Med-Czech 2009, 3, 118-124.10.17221/3087-VETMED
Search in Google Scholar
4. Arciszewski M.B, Ekblad E.: Effects of vasoactive intestinal peptide and galanin on survival of cultured porcine myenteric neurons. Regul Pept 2005, 15, 185-192.10.1016/j.regpep.2004.08.036
Search in Google Scholar
5. Bedecs K, Berthold M, Bartfai T.: Galanin-10 years with a neuroendocrine peptide. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 1995, 27, 337-349.10.1016/1357-2725(95)00008-D
Search in Google Scholar
6. Benya R.V, Matkowskyj K.A., Danilkovich A, Hecht G.: Galanin causes Cl-secretion in the human colon. Potential significance of inflammation-associated NF-kappa B activation on galanin-1 receptor expression and function. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1998, 863, 64-77.10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb10684.x
Search in Google Scholar
7. Botella A, Delvaux M, Frexinos J, Bueno L.: Comparative effects of galanin on isolated smooth muscle cells from ileum in five mammalian species. Life Sci 1992, 50, 1253-1261.10.1016/0024-3205(92)90325-J
Search in Google Scholar
8. Fox-Threlkeld J.A, McDonald T.J, Cipris S, Woskowska Z, Daniel E.E.: Galanin inhibition of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide release and circular muscle motility in the isolated perfused canine ileum. Gastroenterology 1991, 101, 1471-1476.10.1016/0016-5085(91)90381-T
Search in Google Scholar
9. Gonkowski S, Burlinski P, Calka J.: Proliferative enteropathy (PE) - induced changes in galanin - like immunoreactivity in the enteric nervous system of the porcine distal colon. Acta Vet (Beograd) 2009, 59, 321-330.10.2298/AVB0904321G
Search in Google Scholar
10. Gonkowski S, Calka J.: Changes in pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide 27-like immunoreactive nervous structures in the porcine descending colon during selected pathological processes. J Mol Neurosci 2012, 48, 777-787.10.1007/s12031-012-9838-x22706710
Search in Google Scholar
11. Gonkowski S.: Substance P as a neuronal factor in the enteric nervous system of the porcine descending colon in physiological conditions and during selected pathogenic processes. Biofactors 2013, 39, 542-551.10.1002/biof.1097
Search in Google Scholar
12. Gonkowski S, Rychlik A, Calka J.: Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide-27-like immunoreactive nerve fibers in the mucosal layer of canine gastrointestinal tract in physiology and during inflammatory bowel disease. Bull Vet Inst Pulawy 2013, 57, 375-380.10.2478/bvip-2013-0065
Search in Google Scholar
13. Hegyi P, Venglovecz V, Pallagi P, Maléth J, Takács T, Rakonczay Z.: Galanin, a potent inhibitor of pancreatic bicarbonate secretion, is involved in the induction and progression of cerulean-induced experimental acute pancreatitis. Pancreas 2011, 40, 155-156.10.1097/MPA.0b013e3181eabe78
Search in Google Scholar
14. Hobson S.A, Bacon A, Elliot-Hunt CR, Holmes F.E, Kerr N.C, Pope R, Vanderplank P, Wynick D.: Galanin acts as a trophic factor to the central and peripheral nervous systems. EXS 2010, 102, 25-38.10.1007/978-3-0346-0228-0_3
Search in Google Scholar
15. Holmes F.E, Mahoney S.A, Wynick D.: Use of genetically engineered transgenic mice to investigate the role of galanin in the peripheral nervous system after injury. Neuropeptides 2005, 39, 191-199.10.1016/j.npep.2005.01.001
Search in Google Scholar
16. Jergens A.E, Simpson K.W.: Inflammatory bowel disease in veterinary medicine. Front Biosci 2012, 4, 1404-1419.10.2741/e470
Search in Google Scholar
17. Kamińska B, Landowski P, Gonkowski S, Majewski M, Renke J, Korzon M.: Changes in the number of neuroprotective transmitter containing mucosal nerve fibers in children with ulcerative colitis. Med Wieku Rozwoj 2006, 10, 483-491.
Search in Google Scholar
18. Kerr B.J, Gupta Y, Pope R, Thomson S.W, Wynick D, McMahon S.B.: Endogenous galanin potentiates spinal nociceptive processing following inflammation. Pain 2001, 93, 267-277.10.1016/S0304-3959(01)00326-8
Search in Google Scholar
19. Lasoń W.: Endogenous anticonvulsant and neuroprotective agents. Przegl Lek 2004, 61, 1263-1267.
Search in Google Scholar
20. Linskens R.K, Huijsdens X.W, Savelkoul P.H, Vandenbroucke-Grauls CM, Meuwissen S.G.: The bacterial flora in inflammatory bowel disease: current insights in pathogenesis and the influence of antibiotics and probiotics. Scand J Gastroenterol Suppl 2001, 234, 29–40.10.1080/00365520175326508211768558
Search in Google Scholar
21. Marrero J.A, Matkowskyj K.A, Yung K, Hecht G, Benya R.V.: Dextran sulfate sodium-induced murine colitis activates NF-kappa B and increases galanin-1 receptor expression. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2000, 278, 797-804.10.1152/ajpgi.2000.278.5.G79710801272
Search in Google Scholar
22. Matkowskyj KA, Danilkovich A, Marrero J, Savkovic S.D, Hecht G, Benya R.V.: Galanin-1 receptor up-regulation mediates the excess colonic fluid production caused by enteric pathogens. Nat Med 2000, 9, 1048-1051.10.1038/7956310973327
Search in Google Scholar
23. Matkowskyj KA, Nathaniel R, Prasad R, Weihrauch D, Rao M, Benya R.V.: Galanin contributes to excess colonic fluid secretion observed in dextran sulfate sodium murine colitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2004, 4, 408-416.10.1097/00054725-200407000-00012
Search in Google Scholar
24. Melander T, Hökfelt T, Rökaeus A, Fahrenkrug J, Tatemoto K, Mutt V.: Distribution of galanin-like immunoreactivity in the gastro-intestinal tract of several mammalian species. Cell Tissue Res 1985, 239, 253-270.10.1007/BF00218003
Search in Google Scholar
25. Piqueras L, Taché Y, Martinez V.: Galanin inhibits gastric acid secretion through a somatostatin-independent mechanism in mice. Peptides 2004, 25, 1287-1295.10.1016/j.peptides.2004.06.003
Search in Google Scholar
26. Ridgway J, Jergens A.E, Niyo Y.: Possible causal association of idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease with thrombocytopenia in the dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc. 2001, 37, 65-74.
Search in Google Scholar
27. Sarnelli G, Vanden Berghe P, Raeymaekers P, Janssens J, Tack J.: Inhibitory effects of galanin on evoked (Ca²⁺) responses in cultured myenteric neurons. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2004, 286, 1009-1014.10.1152/ajpgi.00255.2003
Search in Google Scholar
28. Simpson K.W, Jergens A.E.: Pitfalls and progress in the diagnosis and management of canine inflammatory bowel disease. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2011, 41, 381-398.10.1016/j.cvsm.2011.02.003
Search in Google Scholar
29. Vasina V, Barbara G, Talamonti L, Stanghellini V, Corinaldesi R, Tonini M, De Ponti F, De Giorgio R.: Enteric neuroplasticity evoked by inflammation. Auton Neurosci 2006, 126-127, 264-272.10.1016/j.autneu.2006.02.025
Search in Google Scholar
30. Wang S, Ghibaudi L, Hashemi T, He C, Strader C, Bayne M, Davis H, Hwa J.J.: The GalR2 galanin receptor mediates galanin - induced jejunal contaction, but not feeding behavior in the rat: differentiation of central and peripheral effects of receptor subtype activation. FEBS letters 1998, 434, 277-282.10.1016/S0014-5793(98)00957-0
Search in Google Scholar

Galanin - Immunoreactive Nerve Fibers in the Mucosal Layer of the Canine Gastrointestinal Tract During Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Abstract

Paradigm

My account