Table 1
Examined risk factors related to personal anamnesis (age, thrombophilia, previous miscarriages and body mass index.)
| Examined Risk Factors | Pregnant Women | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total (%) | Control ≤4MN/1000BN | Cases >4MN/1000BN | χ2 (p value) | ||||
| n | % | n | % | ||||
| Thrombophilia presence | no | 50.0 | 31 | 83.8 | 6 | 16.2 | 0.000a |
| yes | 50.0 | 6 | 16.2 | 31 | 83.8 | ||
| Year categories | 20-29 | 50.0 | 19 | 51.4 | 18 | 48.6 | 1.000 |
| 30-39 | 50.0 | 18 | 48.6 | 19 | 51.4 | ||
| Previous miscarriages | no | 51.4 | 26 | 70.3 | 12 | 32.4 | 0.002a |
| yes | 48.6 | 11 | 29.7 | 25 | 67.6 | ||
| Miscarriage categories | 0+1 | 86.5 | 34 | 91.9 | 30 | 81.1 | 0.308 |
| ≥2 | 13.5 | 3 | 8.1 | 7 | 18.9 | ||
| 0 | 51.4 | 26 | 70.3 | 12 | 32.4 | ||
| Number of miscarriages | 1 | 33.8 | 8 | 21.6 | 17 | 45.9 | |
| 2 | 12.2 | 3 | 8.1 | 6 | 16.2 | 0.010a | |
| ≥3 | 2.7 | 0 | 0.0 | 2 | 5.4 | ||
| FMU | no | 94.6 | 37 | 100.0 | 33 | 89.2 | 0.123 |
| yes | 5.4 | 0 | 0.0 | 4 | 10.8 | ||
| Number of FMU | 0 | 94.6 | 37 | 100.0 | 33 | 89.2 | 0.123 |
| 1 | 5.4 | 0 | 0.0 | 4 | 10.8 | ||
| 1 | 31.1 | 17 | 45.9 | 6 | 16.2 | ||
| Pregnancy order | 2 | 29.7 | 10 | 21.6 | 12 | 32.4 | |
| 3 | 25.7 | 8 | 5.4 | 11 | 29.7 | 0.023a | |
| ≥4 | 13.5 | 2 | 20.0 | 8 | 21.6 | ||
| BMI | <24.99 kg/m2 | 74.3 | 29 | 78.4 | 26 | 70.3 | 0.595 |
| ≥24.99 kg/m2 | 25.7 | 8 | 8 (21.6) | 11 | 11 (29.7) | ||
FMU: fetus mortus in utero; BMI: body mass index.
Table 2
Examined risk factors related to exogenous agents exposure during the present pregnancy as well as a potential risk factors in the families.
| Examined Risk Factors | Total | Control ≤4MN/1000BN | Cases >4MN/1000BN | χ2 (p value) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % | n | % | ||||
| Smoking | no | 81.1 | 33 | 89.2 | 27 | 73.0 | 0.138 |
| yes | 18.9 | 4 | 10.8 | 10 | 27.0 | ||
| 0 | 81.1 | 33 | 89.2 | 27 | 73.0 | ||
| Number of cigarettes | 1-9 | 16.2 | 4 | 10.8 | 8 | 21.6 | 0.140 |
| 10-19 | 2.7 | 0 | 0.0 | 2 | 5.4 | ||
| Alcohol use | no | 90.5 | 37 | 100.0 | 30 | 81.1 | 0. 017a |
| yes | 9.5 | 0 | 0.0 | 7 | 18.9 | ||
| 0 mL | 90.5 | 37 | 100.0 | 30 | 81.1 | ||
| Amount of alcohol | 1-100 mL | 8.1 | 0 | 0.0 | 6 | 16.2 | 0.021a |
| >100 mL | 1.4 | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 2.7 | ||
| Carcinoma in family | no | 79.7 | 32 | 86.5 | 27 | 73.0 | 0.247 |
| yes | 20.3 | 5 | 13.5 | 10 | 10.0 | ||
| CAD in family | no | 74.3 | 27 | 73.0 | 28 | 75.7 | 1.000 |
| yes | 25.7 | 10 | 27.0 | 9 | 24.3 | ||
| Thrombosis in family | no | 79.7 | 32 | 86.5 | 27 | 73.0 | 0.247 |
| yes | 20.3 | 5 | 13.5 | 10 | 27.0 | ||
| T2DM in family | no | 87.8 | 33 | 89.2 | 32 | 86.5 | 1.000 |
| yes | 12.2 | 4 | 10.8 | 5 | 13.5 | ||
CAD: coronary artery disease; T2DM: diabetes mellitus type 2.
Table 3
Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses of examined factors influence on frequency presence >4MN/1000BN in pregnant women.
| Examined Risk Factors | Univariate Analysis | Multivariate Analysis | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | p Value | OR (95% CI) | p Value | |
| Thrombophilia | 26.694 (7.754-91.901) | 0.000a | 76.058 (7.986-724.391) | 0.000a |
| Age | 1.046 (0.944-1.159) | 0.394 | - | - |
| Year categories | 1.114 (0.448-2.773) | 0.816 | - | - |
| Previous miscarriages | 4.924 (1.838-13.190) | 0.002a | 0.256 (0.014-4600) | 0.355 |
| Miscarriage categories | 2.644 (0.627-11.149) | 0.184 | - | - |
| Number of miscarriages | 2.852 (1.400-5.815) | 0.004a | 0.486 (0.080-2.941) | 0.432 |
| FMU | 1811289975.000 (0.00-/) | 0.999 | - | - |
| Number of FMU | 1811289975.000 (0.00-/) | 0.999 | - | - |
| Pregnancy order | 2.049 (1.244-3.376) | 0.005a | 2.355 (0.792-7.008) | 0.124 |
| BMI | 1.534 (0.535-4.398) | 0.426 | - | - |
| Smoking | 3.056 (0.861-10.839) | 0.084 | - | - |
| Number of cigarettes per day | 2.999 (0.940-9.569) | 0.063 | - | - |
| Alcohol | 1,239 (0.343-4.480) | 0.744 | - | - |
| Alcohol amount | 79899842.300 (0.00-/) | 0.998 | - | - |
| Relatives with carcinoma | 2.370 (0.722-7.787) | 0.155 | - | - |
| Relatives with CAD | 0.868 (0.305-2.466) | 0.790 | - | - |
| Relatives with thrombosis | 0.422 (0.128-1.386) | 0.155 | - | - |
| Relatives with diabetes | 1.289 (0.317-5.237) | 0.723 | - | - |
OR: odds ratio; 95% CI: 95% confidence interval; FMU: fetus mortus in utero; BMI: body mass index; CAD: coronary artery disease.