Table 1
RNA role in several neurological diseases.
| Disease | Cause |
|---|---|
| Alzheimer’s disease | TDP-43, mir-137/181b, BACE1AS |
| Down syndrome | TDP-43 |
| Frontotemporal lobar dementia | TDP-43 |
| Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis | TDP-43, mir-206 |
| Familial British dementia | TDP-43 |
| Parkinson’s disease | TDP-43, BC200, SOX20T, mir-34b/c, mir-153 |
| Huntington’s disease | HAR1, DGCR5, TDP-43, FUS/TLS, TUG1, NEAT 1, toxic RNA, mir-132, mir-7, mir-34b |
| Spinocerebellar ataxia 1, 2, 3, 4 | FUS/TLS |
| Spinocerebellar ataxia 10, 12 | Toxic RNA, RAN (repeat associated non ATG translation), expansion in non coding region |
| Dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy | FUS/TLS |
| Myopathies | TDP-43 |
| Fragile X tremor ataxia syndrome | Antisense transcription, expansion in non coding region |
| X-linked mental retardation | UPF3B mutation |
| Autism | 7q22-q33 (non coding RNA) |
| Spinal muscular atrophy | Mutation in SMN2 |
| Spinocerebellar ataxia | Non coding RNA |
| Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) | RAN (repeat associated non ATG translation), expansion in non coding region |
| Myotonic dystrophy type 2 (DM2) | Expansion in non coding region |
TDP-43: trans-activation response (TAR) element DNA-binding protein 43; miR: microRNA; HAR1: human accelerated region 1; DGCR5: DiGeorge syndrome critical region gene 5; FUS/TLS: fused in sarcoma/translocated in sarcoma; TUG1: taurine up-regulated 1; NEAT1: nuclear enriched abundant transcript 1; RAN: repeat-associated non-ATG; UPF3B: UPF3 regulator of nonsense transcripts homolog B; SMN2: survival of motor neuron 2.