References
- Aquino R.S., Dutra W.M., Manso H.E.C.C., Manso Filho H.C., Kutschenko M., Nogueira E.T., Watford M. (2014). Glutamine and glutamate (Amino Gut) supplementation influences sow colostrum and mature milk composition. Livest. Sci., 169: 112-117.
- Arnaud A., Ramirez M., Baxter J.H., Angulo A.J. (2004). Absorption of enterally administered N-acetyl-l-glutamine versus glutamine in pigs. Clin. Nutr., 23: 1303-1312.
- Boza J.J., Moennoz D., Bournot C.E., Blum S., Zbinden I., Finot P.A., Ballevre O. (2000). Role of glutamine on the de novo purine nucleotide synthesis in Caco-2 cells. Europ. J. Nutr., 39: 38-46.
- Boza J.J., Turini M., Moennoz D., Montigon F., Vuichoud J., Gueissaz N., Grem - aud G., Pouteau E., Piguet-Welsch C., Finot P.A., Ballèvre O. (2001). Effect of glutamine supplementation of the diet on tissue protein synthesis rate of glucocorticoid-treated rats. Nutrition, 17: 35-40.
- Broer S. (2008). Amino acid transport across mammalian intestinal and renal epithelia. Physiol. Rev., 88: 249-286.
- Cabrera R.A., Usry J.L., Arrellano C., Nogueira E.T., Kutschenko M., Moeser A.J., Odle J. (2013). Effects of creep feeding and supplemental glutamine or glutamine plus glutamate (Aminogut) on pre- and post-weaning growth performance and intestinal health of piglets. J. Anim. Sci. Biotechnol., 4: 29.
- Clowes E.J., Aherne F.X., Baracos V.E. (2005). Skeletal muscle protein mobilization during the progression of lactation. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrin. Metab., 288: E564-E572.
- Hankard R.G., Darmaun D., Sager B.K., D’ Amore D., Parsons W.R., Haymond M. (1995). Response of glutamine metabolism to exogenous glutamine in humans. Am. J. Physiol., 269: E663-670.
- Haynes T.E., Li P., Li X., Shimotori K., Sato H., Flynn N.E., Wang J., Knabe D.A., Wu G. (2009). L-glutamine or L-alanyl-L-glutamine prevents oxidant- or endotoxin-induced death of neonatal enterocytes. Amino Acids, 37: 131-142.
- Hulsewe K.W.,vander Hulst R.W.,van Acker B.A.,von Meyenfeldt M.F., Soeters P.B. (2004). Inflammation rather than nutritional depletion determines glutamine concentrations and intestinal permeability. Clin. Nutr., 23: 1209-1216.
- Kreider M.E., Stumvoll M., Meyer C., Overkamp D., Welle S., Gerich J. (1997). Steady-state and non-steady-state measurements of plasma glutamine turnover in humans. Am. J. Physiol., 272: E621-627.
- Lacey J.M., Wilmore D.W. (1990). Is glutamineaconditionally essential amino acid? Nutr. Rev., 48: 297-309.
- Li N., Liboni K., Fang M.Z., Samuelson D., Lewis P., Patel R., Neu J. (2004). Glutamine decreases lipopolysaccharide-induced intestinal inflammation in infant rats. Am. J. Physiol. Gastr. L., 286: G914-921.
- Lynch A.M., Mc Givan J.D. (1987). Evidence forasingle common Na+-dependent transport system for alanine, glutamine, leucine and phenylalanine in brush-border membrane vesicles from bovine kidney. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 899: 176-184.
- Manso H., Filho H., Carvalho L., Kutschenko M., Nogueira E., Watford M. (2012). Glutamine and glutamate supplementation raise milk glutamine concentrations in lactating gilts. J. Anim. Sci. Biotechnol., 3: 2.
- Nabuurs M.J.A., Hoogendoorn A.,vander Molen E.J.,van Osta A.L.M. (1993). Villus height and crypt depth in weaned and unweaned pigs, reared under various circumstances in the Netherlands. Res. Vet. Sci., 55: 78-84.
- National Research Council (US) Subcommittee on Swine Nutrition (1998). Nutrient requirements of swine. National Academy Press, Washington.
- Pacitti A.J., Inoue Y., Souba W.W. (1993). Characterization of Na(+)-independent glutamine transport in rat liver. Am. J. Physiol., 265: G90-98.
- Reeds P.J., Burrin D.G. (2001). Glutamine and the bowel. J. Nutr., 131: 2505S-2508S.
- Remillard R.L., Guerino F., Dudgeon D.L., Yardley J.H. (1998). Intravenous glutamine or limited enteral feedings in piglets: amelioration of small intestinal disuse atrophy. J. Nutr., 128: 2723S-2726S.
- Souba W.W., Wilmore D.W. (1985). Gut-liver interaction during accelerated gluconeogenesis. Arch. Surg., 120: 66-70.
- Squires E.J., Brosnan J.T. (1983). Measurements of the turnover rate of glutamine in normal and acidotic rats. Biochem. J., 210: 277-280.
- Stumvoll M., Perriello G., Meyer C., Gerich J. (1999). Role of glutamine in human carbohydrate metabolism in kidney and other tissues. Kidney Int., 55: 778-792.
- Wang J., Chen L., Li P., Li X., Zhou H., Wang F., Li D., Yin Y., Wu G. (2008). Gene expression is altered in piglet small intestine by weaning and dietary glutamine supplementation. J. Nutr., 138: 1025-1032.
- Watford M. (1994). Glutamine metabolism in rat small intestine: synthesis of three-carbon products in isolated enterocytes. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1200: 73-78.
- Wilde S.W., Kilberg M.S. (1991). Glutamine transport by basolateral plasma-membrane vesicles prepared from rabbit intestine. Biochem. J., 277: 687-691.
- Wu G., Knabe D.A. (1994). Free and protein-bound amino acids in sow’s colostrum and milk. J. Nutr., 124: 415-424.
- Wu G., Borbolla A.G., Knabe D.A. (1994). The uptake of glutamine and release of arginine, citrulline and proline by the small intestine of developing pigs. J. Nutr., 124: 2437-2444.
- Wu G., Meier S.A., Knabe D.A. (1996). Dietary glutamine supplementation prevents jejunal atrophy in weaned pigs. J. Nutr., 126: 2578-2584.
- Wu G., Davis P.K., Flynn N.E., Knabe D.A., Davidson J.T. (1997). Endogenous synthesis of arginine plays an important role in maintaining arginine homeostasis in postweaning growing pigs. J. Nutr., 127: 2342-2349.
- Wu G., Bazer F.W., Johnson G.A., Knabe D.A., Burghardt R.C., Spencer T.E., Li X.L., Wang J.J. (2010). Important roles for L-glutamine in swine nutrition and production. J. Anim. Sci., 89: 2017-2030.
- Wu G., Wu Z., Dai Z., Yang Y., Wang W., Liu C., Wang B., Wang J., Yin Y. (2013). Dietary requirements of“nutritionally non-essential amino acids”by animals and humans. Amino Acids, 44: 1107-1113.
- Wu M., Xiao H., Liu G., Chen S., Tan B., Ren W., Bazer F.W., Wu G., Yin Y. (2016). Glutamine promotes intestinal SIg Asecretion through intestinal microbiota and IL-13. Mol. Nutr. Food Res., 60: 1637-1648.
- Wu G.Y., Bazer F.W., Davis T.A., Jaeger L.A., Johnson G.A., Kim S.W., Knabe D.A., Meininger C.J., Spencer T.E., Yin Y.L. (2007). Important roles for the arginine family of amino acids in swine nutrition and production. Livest. Sci., 112: 8-22.