References
- Bell M.J., Wall E., Russell G., Roberts D.J., Simm G. (2010). Risk factors for culling in Holstein-Friesian dairy cows. Vet. Rec., 167: 238–240.
- Bisinotto R.S., Greco L.F., Ribeiro E.S., Martinez N., Lima F.S., Staples C.R., Thatcher W.W., Santos J.E.P. (2012). Influences of nutrition and metabolism on fertility of dairy cows. Anim. Reprod., 9: 260–272.
- Borkowska D., Januś E. (2009). Milk yield of primiparas and their lifetime performance. Rocz. Nauk. PTZ. 5: 87–93.
- Brickell J.S., Wathes D.C. (2011) A descriptive of the survival of Holstein-Friesian heifers through to third calving on English dairy farms. J. Dairy Sci., 94: 1831–1838.10.3168/jds.2010-3710
- Brickell J.S., Mc Gowan M.M., Wathes D.C. (2010). Association between Neospora caninum seropositivity and perinatal mortality in dairy heifers at first calving. Vet. Rec., 167: 82–85.
- Chabuz W., Stanek P., Sawicka-Zugaj W., Teter W., Żółkiewski P., Arasimowicz M. (2016). Comparison of milk production efficiency of Black and White variety of Polish Holstein-Friesian and Simmental cattle. Ann. UMCS, XXXIV: 25–31.
- Cozler Y., Lollivier V., Lacasse P., Disenhaus C. (2008). Rearing strategy and optimizing first-calving targets in dairy heifers: a review. Animal, 2: 1393–1404.
- Dorynek Z., Pytlewski J., Antkowiak I. (2006). Productive life and lifetime productivity of Black-and-White cows kept in the loose barn system. Acta. Sci. Pol., Zoot., 5: 13–24.
- Forabosco F., Groen A.F., Bozzi R., Van Arendonk J.A.M., Filippini F., Boettcher P., Bijma P. (2004). Phenotypic relationships between longevity, type traits, and production in Chianina beef cattle. J. Anim. Sci., 82: 1572–1580.10.2527/2004.8261572x
- Herlihy M.M., Crowe M.A., Berry D.P., Diskin M.G., Butler S.T. (2013). Factors associated with fertility outcomes in cows treated with protocols to synchronize estrus and ovulation in seasonal-calving, pasture-based dairy production systems. J. Dairy Sci., 96: 1485–1498.10.3168/jds.2011-5250
- Januś E., Borkowska D. (2012). Correlations between milk yield in primiparous PHF cows and selected lifetime performance and fertility indicators as well as reasons for culling. Acta Sci. Pol. Zoot., 11: 23–32.
- Jaśkowski J.M., Olechnowicz J., Nowak W. (2006). Several reasons for decreasing fertility in dairy cows. Med. Weter., 62: 385–389.
- Juszczak J., Hibner A., Zachwieja A., Tomaszewski A., Krzyśków S. (1994). The problem of high milk yields. Prz. Hod., 4: 3–5.
- Juszczak J., Hibner A., Ziemiński R., Tomaszewski A. (2003). Causes and consequences of early culling of dairy cows. Med. Weter., 59: 432–435.
- Kancer F.H.J., Mostert B.E., Therton H.E. (2001). The effect of calving season and age at calving on production traits of South African dairy cattle. South Afr. J. Anim. Sci., 31: 205–214.
- Litwińczuk Z., Żółkiewski P., Chabuz W., Jankowski P. (2016). Length of life and milk production efficiency in cows with varying lactation persistency. Ann. Anim Sci., 16: 851–862.10.1515/aoas-2015-0088
- Morek-Kopeć M., Żarnecki A. (2009). Culling reasons in the population of Polish Holstein-Friesian Black and White cows. Rocz. Nauk. PTZ, 5: 9–17.
- PFHBi PM (2015). The results of milk recording in Poland in 2014. Warszawa.
- Powell R.L., Van Raden P.M. (2003). Correlation of longevity evaluation with other trait evaluations from 14 countries. Proc. Interbull Technical Workshop, March 2003, Beltsville, USA, Bulletin, No. 30: 15–19.
- Pytlewski J., Antkowiak I., Skrzypek R.. (2010). Relationships between milking performance of cows in the first lactation and their longevity. Nauka Przyr. Techn., 4: 1–7.
- Reklewski Z., Łukaszewicz M., Dymnicki E., Oprządek J. (2004). Culling and genetic quality of dairy cows. Pr. Mat. Zoot., 61: 45–54.
- Rocha A., Martins A., Carvalheira J. (2010). Fertility time trends in dairy herds in northern Portugal. Reprod. Domest. Anim., 45: 896–899.
- Różańska-Zawieja J., Nienartowicz-Zdrojewska A., Nowacki P., Sobek Z. (2008). Longevity and causes of culling of dairy cows. Pr. Mat. Zoot., 65: 59–66.
- Sadek M.H., Halawa A.A., Ashmawy A.A., Abdel Glil M.F. (2009). Genetic and phenotypic parameters estimation of first lactation, life-time yield and longevity traits in Holstein cattle. Egypt. J. Genet. Cyt., 38: 127–136.
- Sawa A. (2001). Effect of first lactation yield on life performance of cows. EJPA, 4: 2.
- Sawa A. (2011). Functional traits and their role in contemporary cattle breeding, part I: longevity of cows, prolonged lactations and urea level in cow milk. Prz. Hod., 2: 8–13.
- Sawa A., Bogucki M. (2009). Cow longevity and reasons for culling. Rocz. Nauk. PTZ, 5: 55–62.
- Sawa A., Krężel-Czopek S. (2009). Effect of first lactation milk yield on efficiency of cows in herds with different production levels. Arch. Tierz., 52: 7–14.
- Sawa A., Maciejewski P. (2000). Reasons for culling of cows depending on production level and herd size in the former Włocławskie voivodeship. Zesz. Nauk. PTZ, 51: 171–177.
- Sewalem A., Miglior F., Kistemaker G.J., Sullivan P., Van Doormaal B.J. (2008). Relationship between reproduction traits and functional longevity in Canadian dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci., 91: 1660–1668.10.3168/jds.2007-0178
- Strapák P., Candrák J., Aumann J. (2005). Relationship between longevity and selected production, reproduction and type traits. Czech J. Anim. Sci., 50: 1–6.
- Strucken E.M., Bortfeld R.H., Tetens G., Thaller G., Brockmann G.A. (2012). Genetic effects and correlations between production and fertility traits and their dependency on the lactation-stage in Holstein Friesians. BMC Genetics, 13: 108.10.1186/1471-2156-13-108
- Studziński T., Filar J., Czarnecki A., Madej E. (2003). Hormonal and metabolic adaptations to periparturient and early lactation periods in dairy cows. Med. Weter, 59: 811–816.
- Tekerli M., Koçak S. (2009). Relationships between production and fertility traits in first lactation and life time performances of Holstein cows under subtropical condition. Arch. Tierz., 52: 364–370.
- Ziętara W., Adamski M., Mirkowska Z. (2013). Actual vs. optimal period of the utility of dairy cows. Rocz. Nauk. Ekonom. Rol. Rozw. Obsz. Wiej., 100: 90–100.
- Żukowski K. (2009). Reasons for high culling levels of dairy cows. Wiad. Zoot., XLVII, 4: 67–68.