Cross-talk between leptin, ghrelin and orexins in the central nervous system of seasonal animals – a review

Katarzyna Kirsz; Małgorzata Szczęsna; Anna Borsuk; Dorota A. Zięba

doi:10.1515/aoas-2016-0070

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Cross-talk between leptin, ghrelin and orexins in the central nervous system of seasonal animals – a review

Annals of Animal Science

Volume 17 (2017): Issue 2 (May 2017)

By: Katarzyna Kirsz, Małgorzata Szczęsna, Anna Borsuk and Dorota A. Zięba

Open Access

|Apr 2017

Abstract

The maintenance of energy homeostasis is achieved with ‘detectors’ that receive signals from the external and internal environment and with multidirectional ‘communication routes’ including neuronal networks and body fluids, such as blood and cerebrospinal fluid. Changes in the energy demands of organisms are caused by current physiological status and environmental conditions, including season and food availability. Little is known about the interactions between the metabolic indicators involved in the maintenance of energy homeostasis, e.g., leptin, orexins and ghrelin. Sheep and other seasonal animals are highly adaptable to their environments because of the plasticity of their neural and endocrine systems. Sheep exhibit leptin resistance and are thus an extremely interesting model for research on the relationship between hormonal indicators of energy metabolism. The paper is focused mainly on the anatomical and functional communication between leptin, ghrelin and orexins, which play principal roles in the adaptation of energetic demands to environmental fluctuations.

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