References
- 1. Stanek G, Fingerle V, Hunfeld KP, et al. Lyme borreliosis: clinical case definitions for diagnosis and management in Europe. ClinMicrobiolInfect. 2011;17:69-79.
- 2. Mygland A, Ljostad U, Fingerle V, et al. EFNS guidelines on the diagnosis and management of European Lyme neuroborreliosis. Eur J Neurol.2010;17:8-16.
- 3. Steere AC. Lyme disease. N Engl J Med. 2001;345:115-25.
- 4. Halperin JJ. Neuroborreliosis. Am J Med. 1995;98(4):52-6.
- 5. Kruger H, Reuss K, Pulz M, et al. Meningoradiculitis and encephalomyelitis due to Borreliaburgdorferi: a follow-up study of 72 patients over 27 years. J Neurol. 1989;236:322-8.
- 6. Halperin JJ, Shapiro ED, Logigian E, et al. Practice parameter: treatment of nervous system Lyme disease (an evidence-based review): report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology.2007;69:91-102.
- 7. Wormser GP, Dattwyler RJ, Shapiro ED, et al. The clinical assessment, treatment, and prevention of Lyme disease, human granulocytic anaplasmosis, and babesiosis: clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2006;43(9):1089-134.
- 8. Hansen K, Lebech AM. The clinical and epidemiological profile of Lyme neuroborreliosis in Denmark 1985-1990.A prospective study of 187 patients with Borreliaburgdorferi-specific intrathecal antibody production. Brain. 1992;115(Pt2):399-423.
- 9. Ljostad U, Skarpaas T, Mygland A. Clinical usefulness of intrathecal antibody testing in acute Lyme neuroborreliosis. Eur J Neurol.2007;14(8):873-6.
- 10. Hammers-Berggren S, Hansen K, Lebech AM, Karlsson M. Borreliaburgdorferi-specific intrathecal antibody production in neuroborreliosis: a follow-up study. Neurology.1993;43(1):169-75.
- 11. Halperin JJ, Volkman DJ, Wu P. Central nervous system abnormalities in Lyme neuroborreliosis. Neurology. 1991;41(10):1571-82
- 12. OschmannP, Dorndorf W, Hornig C, et al. Stages and syndromes of neuroborreliosis. J Neurol. 1998;245:262-72.
- 13. O’Connell S. Lyme borreliosis: current issues in diagnosis and management. CurrOpin Infect Dis. 2010;23(3):231-5.
- 14. Skogman BH, Croner S, Nordwall M, et al. Lyme neuroborreliosis in children : a prospective study of clinical features, prognosis, and outcome.Pediatr Infect Dis J.2008;27(12):1089-94.
- 15. SkeieGO, Eldoen G, Skeie BS, et al.Opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome in two cases with neuroborreliosis. Eur J Neurol. 2007;14(12): el-2.
- 16. Wormser GP, Dattwyler RJ, Shapiro ED et al. The clinical assessment, treatment, and prevention of Lyme disease, human granulocytic anaplasmosis, and babesiosis: clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of American. Clin Infect Dis. 2006;43(9):1089-1134.
- 17. Aguero-Rosenfeld ME, Wang G, Schwartz I, Wormser GP. Diagnosis of Lyme borreliosis.Clin Microbiol Rev. 2005;18(3):484-509.
- 18. Stanek G, Strle F. Lyme borreliosis- European perspective. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2008;22(2):327-39.
- 19. Strle F, Stanek G. Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of Lyme borreliosis. Curr Probl Dermatol 2009;37:51-110.
- 20. Halperin J, Luft BJ, Volkman DJ, Dattwyler RJ. Lyme neuroborreliosis. Peripheral nervous system manifestations. Brain. 1990;113(Pt4):1207-21.
- 21. Hansen K, Lebech AM. Lyme neuroborreliosis: a new sensitive diagnostic assay for intrathecal synthesis of Borreliaburgdorferi-specific immunoglobulin G, A, and M. Ann Neurol. 1991;30(2):197-205.
- 22. Ljostad U,Skogvoll E, Eikeland R, et al. Oral doxycycline versus intravenous ceftriaxone for European Lyme neuroboreliosis: a multicenter, non-inferiority, double-blind, randomised trial. Lancet Neurol. 2008;7(8):690-95.
- 23. Kruger H, Reuss K, Pulz M, et al. Meningoradiculitis and encephalomyelitis due to Borreliaburgdorferi: a follow-up study of 72 patients over 27 years. J Neurol. 1989;236(6):322-28.
- 24. Logigian EL, Kaplan RF, Steere AC. Chronic neurologic manifestation of Lyme disease. N Engl J Med. 1990;323(21):1438-44.
- 25. Mygland A, Skarpaas T, Ljostad U. Chronic polyneuropathy and Lyme disease. Eur J Neurol. 2006;13(11):1213-15.
- 26. Topakian R, Stieglbauer K, Nussbaumer K, Aichner FT.Cerebral vasculitis and stroke in lyme neuroborreliosis. Two case report and review of current knowledge. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2008;26(5):455- 61.
- 27. Charles V, Duprez TP, Kabamba B, et al. Poliomyelitis-like syndrome with matching magnetic resonance features in a case of Lyme neuroborreliosis. J NeurolNeurosurg Psychiatry. 2007;78:1160-61.
- 28. Wilke M, Eiffert H, Christen HJ, Hanefeld F. Primarily chronic and cerebrovascular course of Lyme neuroborreliosis : case report and literature review. Arch Dis Child 2000;83(1):67-71.
- 29. Kindstrand E, Nilsson BY, Hovmark A et al. Polyneuropathy in late Lyme neuroborreliosis - a clinical, neurophysiological and morphological description. ActaNeurol Scand. 2000;101:47-52.
- 30. Hehir MK 2nd, Logigian EL. Infectious neuropaties. Continuum (Minneap Minn). 2014;20(5 Peripheral Nervous System Disorders):1274-92.
- 31. Mygland A, Skarpaas T, Ljostad U. Chronic polyneuropathy and Lyme disease. Eur J Neurol. 2006;13:1213-15.
- 32. Wilske B, Fingerle V, Schulte-Spechtel U. Microbiological and serological diagnosis of Lyme borreliosis. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. 2007;49:13-21.
- 33. Tilea B,Tripon G, Voidazan S, Tilea I. Serological, clinical and epidemiological aspects of Lyme borreliosis in Mures County, Romania. Rev Romana Med Lab. 2014;22(2):233-34.
- 34. LebechAM, Hansen K, Brandrup F, et al. Diagnostic value of PCR for detection of Borreliaburgdorferi DNA in clinical specimens from patients with erythema migrans and Lyme neuroborreliosis. MolDiagn. 2000;5:139-50.
- 35. Ornstein K, Berglund J, Bergstrom S, et al. Three major LymeBorreliagenospecies (Borreliaburgdorferisensustricto, B. afzelii and B. garinii) identified by PCR in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with neuroborreliosis in Sweden .Scand J Inf Dis. 2002;34(5):341-46.
- 36. Hashimoto Y, Takahashi H, Kishiyama K, et al. Lyme disease with facial nerve palsy: rapid diagnosis using a nested polymerase chain reaction- restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Br J Dermatol. 1998;138(2):304-9.
- 37. Ljostad U, Mygland A. CSF B- lymphocyte chemoattractant (CXCL13) in the early diagnosis of acute Lyme neuroborreliosis. J Neurol. 2008;255:732-37.
- 38. Rupprecht TA, Pfister HW, Angele B, et al. The chemokine CXCL13 (BLC): a putative diagnostic marker for neuroborreliosis. Neurol. 2005;65(3):448-50.
- 39. Rupprecht TA, Kirschning CJ, Popp B, et al.Borreliagarinii induces CXCL13 production in human monocytes through Toll-like receptor 2. Infect Immun. 2007;75(5):4351-56.
- 40. Stricker RB, Winger EE. Decreased CD57 lymphocyte subset in patients with chronic Lyme disease.ImmunolLett. 2001;76(1):43-48.
- 41. Centrul national de Supravegheresi Control al BolilorTransmisibile-Boala Lyme metodologie de supraveghere: Lyme borreliosis available at http:// www.cnscbt.ro/index.php/metodologii/boala-lyme/10-boala-lymemetodologie-de-supraveghere-2014/file
- 42. European Concerted Action on Lyme borreliosis-Diagnosis, treatment: Case Definition EUCALB available at http://eucalb.com
- 43. Karkkonen K, Stiernstedt SH, Karlsson M. Follow-up of patients treated with oral doxycycline for Lyme neuroborreliosis. Scand J Infect Dis. 2001;33(4):259-62.
- 44. Fallon BA, Keilp JG, Corbera KM, et al. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of repeated IV antibiotic therapy for Lyme encephalopathy. Neurol. 2008;70(13):992-1003.
- 45. Ayaslioglu E, Erkek E, Oba AA, CebeciogluE. Doxycycline- induced staining of permanent adult dentition. Aust Dent J. 2005;50:273-75.
- 46. Fallon BA, Levin ES, Schweitzer PJ, Hardesty D. Inflammation and central nervous system Lyme disease. Neurobiol Dis. 2010;37(3):534-41.
- 47. Ljostat U, Skogvoll E, Eikeland R, et al. Oral doxycycline versus ceftriaxone for European Lyme neuroborreliosis: a multicentric, noninferiority, double blind, randomised trial. Lancet Neurol 2008; 7(8):690-5.