Chitinase Activities in Wheat and Its Relative Species

Moravčíková, Jana; Ujvariová, Nikoleta; Žur, Iwona; Gálová, Zdenka; Gregorová, Zuzana; Zimová, Mária; Boszorádová, Eva; Matušíková, Ildikó

doi:10.1515/agri-2017-0002

Abstract

Defense components such as chitinases (EC 3.2.1.14) are crucial for plants to cope diseases. Despite of that the pattern and activities of these enzymes in agronomically important Triticale is unexplored. This work is aimed to study chitinase activities in the leaves of plants of early developmental stages in two diploids (Aegilops tauschii Coss., Triticum monococcum L.), four tetraploids (Ae. cylindrical Host, Ae. triuncialis L., T. araraticum Jakubyz, T. dicoccum Schrank) and two hexaploids (T. aestivum L., T. spelta L.). The leaves were subjected to quantitative and qualitative activity assays using synthetic 4-methylumbelliferyl-β-D-N,N´,N´´-triacetylchitotrioside and glycolchitin as substrates, respectively. Our results showed that the activities of chitinases with specificity towards short oligomers were variable and genotype dependent. The enzyme activities in the tetra- and hexaploid genotypes were significantly higher than in diplod counterparts. In the gel detection assays were revealed up to four fractions (~20, 30, 42 and 95 kDa) of proteins with the chitinase activity towards long chain polymers. The isoform of ~30 kDa was identified in all analyzed genotypes. Among the seven acidic and three basic chitinase fractions identified, three acidic (ChiA, ChiB, ChiC) and two (ChiH, ChiI) fractions were present in all genotypes. None of the isoforms can be assigned as specific with respect to ploidy.

References

BRADFORD, M.M. 1976. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. In Analytical biochemistry, no. 72, pp. 248‒254.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
CARUSO, C. ‒ BERTINI, L. ‒ TUCCI, M. ‒ CAPORALE, C. ‒ LEONARDI, L. ‒ SACCARDO, F. ‒ BRESSAN, R.A. ‒ VERONESE, P. ‒ BUONOCORE, V. 1999. Isolation and characterisation of wheat cDNA clones encoding PR4 proteins. In DNA Sequence, vol. 10, no. 4‒5, pp. 301‒307.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
COLLINGE, D.B. ‒ KRAGH, K.M. ‒ MIKKELSEN, J.D. - NIELSEN, K.K. ‒ RASMUSSEN, U. ‒ VAD, K. 1993. Plant chitinases. In Plant Journal, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 31‒40.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
FERREIRA, R.B. ‒ MONTEIRO, S. ‒ FREITAS, R. ‒ SANTOS, C.N. ‒ CHEN, Z. ‒ BATISTA, L.M. ‒ DUARTE, J. ‒ BORGES, A. ‒ TEIXEIRA, A.R. 2007. The role of plant defence proteins in fungal pathogenesis. In Molecular Plant Pathology, vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 677‒700.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
FESEL, P.H. ‒ ZUCCARO, A. 2016. Beta-glucan: Crucial component of the fungal cell wall and elusive MAMP in plants. In Fungal Genetics and Biology, no. 90, pp. 53‒60.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
GREGOROVA, Z. ‒ KOVACIK, J. ‒ KLEJDUS, B. ‒ MAGLOVSKI, M. ‒ KUNA, R. ‒ HAUPTVOGEL, P. ‒ MATUSIKOVA, I. 2015. Drought-induced responses of physiology, metabolites, and pr proteins in Triticum aestivum. In Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, vol. 63, no. 37, pp. 8125‒8133.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
GROVER, A. 2012. Plant Chitinases: Genetic Diversity and Physiological Roles. In Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 57‒73.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
CHANG, Y.M. ‒ CHEN, L.C. ‒ WANG, H.Y. ‒ CHIANG, C.L. ‒ CHANG, C.T. ‒ CHUNG, Y.C. 2014. Characterization of an Acidic Chitinase from Seeds of Black Soybean (Glycine max (L) Merr Tainan No. 3). In Plos One, vol. 9, no. 12, http://.dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.011359610.1371/journal.pone.0113596424996125437446
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
CHEN, Z.J. 2007. Genetic and epigenetic mechanisms for gene expression and phenotypic variation in plant polyploids. In Annual Review of Plant Biology, no. 58, pp. 377‒406.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
KASPRZEWSKA, A. 2003. Plant chitinases ‒ regulation and function. In Cellular & Molecular Biology Letters, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 809‒824.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
KIM, D.S. ‒ KIM, N.H. ‒ HWANG, B.K. 2015.The Capsicum annuum class IV chitinase ChitIV interacts with receptor-like cytoplasmic protein kinase PIK1 to accelerate PIK1-triggered cell death and defence responses. In Journal of Experimental Botany, vol. 66, no. 7, pp. 1987‒1999.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
KONG, L. ‒ ANDERSON, J.M. ‒ OHM, H.W. 2005. Induction of wheat defense and stress-related genes in response to Fusarium graminearum. In Genome, vol. 48, no. 1, pp. 29‒40.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
KONOTOP, Y. ‒ MESZAROS, P. ‒ SPIESS, N. ‒ MISTRIKOVA, V. ‒ PIRSELOVA, B. ‒ LIBANTOVA, J. ‒ MORAVCIKOVA, J. ‒ TARAN, N. ‒ HAUPTVOGEL, P. ‒ MATUSIKOVA, I. 2012. Defense responses of soybean roots during exposure to cadmium, excess of nitrogen supply and combinations of these stressors. In Molecular Biology Reports, vol. 39, no. 12, pp. 10077‒10087.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
LAEMMLI, U.K. 1970. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. In Nature, vol. 227, no. 5259, pp. 680‒685.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
LI, K. ‒ XING, R. ‒ LIU, S. ‒ LI, P. 2016. Advances in preparation, analysis and biological activities of single chitooligosaccharides. In Carbohydrate Polymers, no. 139, pp. 178‒190.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
LI, W.L. ‒ FARIS, J.D. ‒ MUTHUKRISHNAN, S. ‒ LIU, D.J. ‒ CHEN, P.D. ‒ GILL, B.S. 2001. Isolation and characterization of novel cDNA clones of acidic chitinases and beta-1,3-glucanases from wheat spikes infected by Fusarium graminearum. In Theoretical and Applied Genetics, vol. 102, no. 2‒3, pp. 353‒362.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
LIAO, Y.C. ‒ KREUZALER, F. ‒ REISENER, H.J. ‒ TIBURZY, R. ‒ FISCHER, R. 1994. Characterization of a wheat class ibchitinase gene differentially induced in isogenic lines by infection with Puccinia-graminis. In Plant Science, vol. 103, no. 2, pp. 177‒187.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
LIBANTOVA, J. ‒ KAMARAINEN, T. ‒ MORAVCIKOVA, J. ‒ MATUSIKOVA, I. ‒ SALAJ, J. 2009. Detection of chitinolytic enzymes with different substrate specificity in tissues of intact sundew (Drosera rotundifolia L.). In Molecular Biology Reports, vol. 36, no. 5, pp. 851‒856.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
LYUBKA, K. ‒ DONKA, S. ‒ IVANKA, Y. ‒ TSVETANKA, B. ‒ ANDON, V. 2008. Characterization of cadmium uptake by roots of durum wheat plants. In Journal of Central European Agriculture, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 533‒537.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
MAGLOVSKI, M. ‒ GREGOROVÁ, Z. ‒ RYBANSKÝ, Ľ. ‒ MÉSZÁROS, P. ‒ MORAVČÍKOVÁ, J. ‒ HAUPTVOGEL, P. ‒ ADAMEC, L. ‒ MATUŠÍKOVÁ, I. 2017. Nutrition supply affects the activity of pathogenesis-related β-1, 3-glucanases and chitinases in wheat. In Plant Growth Regulation, vol. 81, no. 3, pp. 443‒453.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
MESZAROS, P. ‒ RYBANSKY, L. ‒ SPIESS, N. ‒ SOCHA, P. ‒ KUNA, R. ‒ LIBANTOVA, J. ‒ MORAVCIKOVA, J. ‒ PIRSELOVA, B. ‒ HAUPTVOGEL, P. ‒ MATUSIKOVA, I. 2014. Plant chitinase responses to different metal-type stresses reveal specificity. In Plant Cell Reports, vol. 33, no. 11, pp. 1789‒1799.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
MORAVCIKOVA, J. ‒ MATUSIKOVA, I. ‒ LIBANTOVA, J. ‒ BAUER, M. ‒ MLYNAROVA, L. 2004. Expression of a cucumber class III chitinase and Nicotiana plumbaginifolia class I glucanase genes in transgenic potato plants. In Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture, vol. 79, no. 2, pp. 161‒168.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
NEUHAUS, J.M. ‒ FRITIG, B. ‒ LINTHORST, H.J.M. ‒ MEINS, F. ‒ MIKKELSEN, J.D. ‒ RYALS, J. 1996. A revised nomenclature for chitinase genes. In Plant Molecular Biology Reporter, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 102‒104.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
PAN, S.Q. ‒ YE, X.S. ‒ KUC, J. 1991. A technique for detection of chitinase, beta-1,3-glucanase, and protein-patterns after a single separation using polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis or isoelectrofocusing. In Phytopathology, vol. 81, no. 9, pp. 970‒974.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
PENG, J.H. ‒ SUN, D. ‒ NEVO, E. 2011. Domestication evolution, genetics and genomics in wheat. In Molecular Breeding, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 281‒301.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
SELA-BUURLAGE, M.B. ‒ PONSTEIN, A.S. ‒ BRESVLOEMANS, S.A. ‒ MELCHERS, L.S. ‒ VANDENELZEN, P.J.M. ‒ CORNELISSEN, B.J.C. 1993. Only specific tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) chitinases and beta-1,3-glucanases exhibit antifungal activity. In Plant Physiology, vol. 101, no. 3, pp. 857‒863.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
STINTZI, A. ‒ HEITZ, T. ‒ PRASAD, V. ‒ WIEDEMANNMERDINOGLU, S. ‒ KAUFFMANN, S. ‒ GEOFFROY, P. ‒ LEGRAND, M. ‒ FRITIG, B. 1993. Plant pathogenesis-related proteins and their role in defense against pathogens. In Biochimie, no. 75, pp. 687‒706.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
TRUDEL, J. ‒ ASSELIN, A. 1989.Detection of chitinase activity after polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. In Analytical biochemistry, vol. 178, no. 2, pp. 362‒366.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
VAN HENGEL, A.J. ‒ TADESSE, Z. ‒ IMMERZEEL, P. ‒ SCHOLS, H. ‒ VAN KAMMEN, A. ‒ DE VRIES, S.C. 2001. N-acetylglucosamine and glucosamine-containing arabinogalactan proteins control somatic embryogenesis. In Plant Physiology, vol. 125, no. 4, pp. 1880‒1890.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
VAN HENGEL, A.J. ‒ VAN KAMMEN, A. ‒ DE VRIES, S.C. 2002. A relationship between seed development, Arabinogalactan-proteins (AGPs) and the AGP mediated promotion of somatic embryogenesis. In Physiologia Plantarum, vol. 114, no. 4, pp. 637‒644.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
YEH, S. ‒ MOFFATT, B.A. ‒ GRIFFITH, M. ‒ XIONG, F. ‒ YANG, D.S.C. ‒ WISEMAN, S.B. ‒ SARHAN, F. ‒ DANYLUK, J. ‒ XUE, Y.Q. ‒ HEW, C.L. - DOHERTYKIRBY, A. - LAJOIE, G. 2000. Chitinase genes responsive to cold encode antifreeze proteins in winter cereals. In Plant Physiology, vol. 124, no. 3, pp. 1251‒1263.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
ZHONG, R.Q. ‒ KAYS, S.J. ‒ SCHROEDER, B.P. ‒ YE, Z.H. 2002. Mutation of a chitinase-like gene causes ectopic deposition of lignin, aberrant cell shapes, and overproduction of ethylene. In Plant Cell, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 165‒179.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
ZUR, I. ‒ GOLEBIOWSKA, G. ‒ DUBAS, E. ‒ GOLEMIEC, E. ‒ MATUSIKOVA, I. ‒ LIBANTOVA, J. ‒ MORAVCIKOVA, J. 2013. Beta-1,3-glucanase and chitinase activities in winter triticales during cold hardening and subsequent infection by Microdochium nivale. In Biologia, vol. 68, no. 2, pp. 241‒248.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article

Chitinase Activities in Wheat and Its Relative Species

Abstract

Paradigm

My account