Figure 1
Test–retest reliability of the Thai-version MIDAS Questionnaire
| Thai-version MIDAS score | First questionnaire | Second questionnaire | ICC |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. “On how many days in the last 3 months did you miss work or school because of your headaches?” | |||
| Mean (SD) | 1.4 (3.93) | 1.5 (4.00) | 0.94 |
| Median | 0 | 0 | |
| Min–max | 0–21 | 0–21 | |
| 2. “How many days in the last 3 months was your productivity at work or school reduced by half or more because of your headaches? (Do not include days you counted in question 1 where you missed work or school.)” | |||
| Mean (SD) | 1.8 (4.30) | 1.5 (3.90) | 0.95 |
| Median | 0 | 0 | |
| Min–max | 0–21 | 0–21 | |
| 3. “On how many days in the last 3 months did you not do household work (such as housework, home repairs and maintenance, shopping, caring for children and relatives) because of your headaches?” | |||
| Mean (SD) | 1.4 (3.97) | 1.0 (3.83) | 0.95 |
| Median | 0 | 0 | |
| Min–max | 0–21 | 0–21 | |
| 4. “How many days in the last 3 months was your productivity in household work reduced by half or more because of your headaches? (Do not include days you counted in question 3 where you did not do household work.)” | |||
| Mean (SD) | 1.7 (3.95) | 1.7 (4.07) | 0.94 |
| Median | 0 | 0 | |
| Min–max | 0–21 | 0–21 | |
| 5. “On how many days in the last 3 months did you miss family, social, or leisure activities because of your headaches?” | |||
| Mean (SD) | 1.5 (3.94) | 1.1 (3.83) | 0.95 |
| Median | 0 | 0 | |
| Min–max | 0–21 | 0–21 | |
| Total number of days from 5 questions | |||
| Mean (SD) | 7.8 (19.50) | 6.8 (19.03) | 0.98 |
| Median | 0 | 0 | |
| Min–max | 0–105 | 0–105 | |
| A. “On how many days in the last 3 months did you have a headache? (If a headache lasted more than 1 day, count each day.)” | |||
| Mean (SD) | 18.4 (25.73) | 17.7 (24.99) | 0.97 |
| Median | 8 | 9 | |
| Min–max | 1–90 | 1–90 | |
| B. “On a scale of 0 to 10, on average how painful were these headaches? (where 0 = no pain at all, and 10 = pain as bad as it can be)” | |||
| Mean (SD) | 5.5 (2.15) | 5.6 (2.23) | 0.89 |
| Median | 5 | 5 | |
| Min–max | 1–10 | 1–10 | |
| Grade I | 22 (71%) | 23 (71%) | 0.66† |
| Grade II | 3 (10%) | 4 (13%) | |
| Grade III | 2 (7%) | 4 (13%) | |
| Grade IV | 4 (13%) | 1 (3%) | |
Factors predictive of migraine disability
| Duration of migraine history, migraine characteristics, and comorbidities | Thai-version MIDAS grade | |
|---|---|---|
| Bivariate analysis P | Multivariate analysis P | |
| Median duration of migraine history | <0.001 | 0.35 |
| Having comorbidities | 0.30 | – |
| In the past 3 months | ||
| Frequency of headache, median attack | <0.001 | >0.99 |
| Average pain duration per attack, median hours | <0.001 | 0.73 |
| Average pain score, median NRS score | <0.001 | 0.007 |
| In the past 2 months | ||
| Frequency of headache, median attack | <0.001 | 0.76 |
| Average pain duration per attack, median hours | <0.001 | 0.95 |
| Average pain score, median NRS score | <0.001 | 0.13 |
| In the past 1 month | ||
| Frequency of headache, median attack | <0.001 | 0.33 |
| Average pain duration per attack, median hours | 0.001 | 0.14 |
| Average pain score, median NRS score | <0.001 | 0.56 |
| In the past 2 weeks | ||
| Frequency of headache, median attack | 0.23 | – |
| Average pain duration per attack, median hours | 0.73 | – |
| Average pain score, median NRS score | <0.001 | 0.86 |
Instruments specific for measuring headache-related disability
| Instrument | Purpose | Description | Strengths | Limitations |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Disability | ||||
| Pain Disability Index [7] | Unspecified chronic pain | Ability to engage in 7 categories of life activities | – | Preliminary validity |
| Henry Ford Hospital HDI [8] | Nonspecific types of headache | Ability to complete daily life tasks | Good construct validity, acceptable internal consistency, strong test–retest reliability | – |
| HImQ [9, 10] | Migraine | 16-Item: pain intensity and lost time in work outside the home, in household work, and nonwork activities | Acceptable internal consistency, strong test–retest correlation | Weak to strong criterion validity, complexity in scoring |
| MIDAS Questionnaire [11, 12, 13] | Migraine | Simple 5-item self-administered type derived in part from and solving the practical limitation of the HImQ, capturing lost time from work for pay, housework, and nonwork activities | Moderate to strong criterion validity, acceptable internal consistency, strong to very strong test–retest reliability | – |
| HIT [14] | Nonspecific types of headache | 6-Item on pain, social-role limitations, cognitive functioning, psychological distress, and vitality | Good discriminant validity, acceptable internal consistency, excellent test–retest reliability | – |
| IPDS [15] | Chronic daily headache, medication overuse | 20-Item assessing beliefs regarding autonomy/disability in different situations of life | Moderate to strong convergent validity, acceptable internal consistency | No reliability test |
| HADLI [16] | Migraine, tension-type, cervicogenic headaches | 9-Item on specific activity of daily living | Acceptable internal consistency | Face validity, no reliability test |
| FAIM questionnaire [17] | Migraine | 9 Mental functioning items measuring dimensions of attention/thought, perception, and relevant 5 items of a list of activities and participation | Good convergent validity, acceptable internal consistency | No reliability test |
| Disability and burden | ||||
| BURMIG [18] | Migraine | 77-Item of burden and disability obtained from MIDAS | Acceptable construct validity, acceptable internal consistency, strong reliability test | – |
| EUROLIGHT [19] | Primary headache disorders | 103-Item of burden and disability revised from BURMIG | Acceptable construct validity, excellent internal consistency, good reliability test | – |
| Burden | ||||
| HARDSHIP questionnaire [20] | Migraine and tension-type and medication overuse headache | Burden measurement | Epidemiological validation | No clinical validation |
| HALT [21] | All headache disorders | Global burden measurement and for alleviation of the burden; direct and close derivative of MIDAS | Epidemiological validation | No clinical validation |
| MIBS [22] | Migraine | Interictal migraine-related burden measurement in 4 domains: work/school, family/social life, making plans/commitments, emotional/affective/cognitive distress | Good validity, internal consistency and reliability test | – |
| Newer instrument for disability | ||||
| MPFID [23] | Migraine | 13-Item on daily physical functioning | Good convergent validity, internal consistency, and reliability | – |
Migraine characteristics in the eligible patients before completing their first Thai-version MIDAS Questionnaire
| Migraine characteristics | Past 3 - months | Past 2 - months | Past month | P† | P‡ | P§ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Frequency of headache, median attack (interquartile range) | 8 (14) | 6 (9) | 4 (7) | – | – | – |
| Mean frequency of headache per month, median attack (interquartile range) | 2.7 (4.7) | 3 (4.5) | 4 (7) | 0.34 | 0.21 | 0.79 |
| Mean pain duration per attack, median hours (interquartile range) | 2 (2) | 2 (2) | 2 (3) | 0.22 | 0.18 | >0.99 |
| Mean pain score, median NRS score (interquartile range) | 5 (3) | 5 (2) | 5 (5) | 0.75 | 0.39 | 0.39 |
Summary translation process, validity, internal consistency, and test–retest reliability of non-English MIDAS questionnaires
| Version | Forward translation | Backward translation | Validity correlation coefficient | Internal consistency Cronbach α | Test–retest reliability Spearman ρ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Italian [31] | Two independent | Two different experts | Not mentioned | 0.7 | 0.54–0.77 |
| Japanese [32] | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | 0.36–0.88 | Not mentioned | 0.59–0.83 |
| Turkish 1 [33] | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | 0.47–0.63 | 0.73–0.87 | 0.68 |
| Turkish 2 [34] | A physician | A neurologist | 0.54–0.89 | 0.78–0.90 | 0.66–0.81 |
| Taiwanese [35] | Following standard technique, not detailed | Following standard technique, not detailed | 0.34–0.37 | 0.79 | 0.48–0.73 |
| Thai [27] | Three; one professional | One professional | 0.32–0.74 | Not mentioned | 0.58–0.82† |
| Thai [28] | Two; one neurologist, another native speaker | One fluent in English | Not tested | 0.95† | 0.36–0.94 |
| Arabic [36] | One professional | Independent professional | 0.71–0.92 | 0.86, 0.96 | 0.97–0.99† |
| Greek [37] | Two bilingual speakers | Two bilingual speakers | Correlation with RAND-36 | 0.71, 0.82 | 0.41–0.81† |
| German [38] | Two bilingual independent different background | Two bilingual independent different background | Not mentioned | 0.69, 0.67 | 0.88–0.99† |
| Spanish [39] | Two bilingual independent experts | Two bilingual experts | 0.53, 0.34 | 0.79 | 0.63–0.90† |
| Present study | Bilingual neurologist | Another bilingual physician with blinding and independence | 0.45–0.57‡ | 0.98 | 0.89–0.98† |
| MIDAS grade | 0.66§ |
Concurrent validity of the total number of days from 5 questions of the Thai-version MIDAS Questionnaire, and question A, question B, and migraine characteristics in the past 3 months
| Migraine characteristics in the past 3 months | Total number of days from 5 questions of the Thai-version MIDAS Questionnaire | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| First occasion Spearman ρ | Second occasion Spearman ρ | Combination of both occasions Spearman ρ | |
| Total number of headache days (question A) | –0.07 | 0.10 | 0.20 |
| Average headache severity (question B) | 0.49* | 0.42* | 0.45* |
| Frequency of headache | –0.07 | 0.10 | 0.20 |
| Mean pain duration per attack | 0.58* | 0.56* | 0.57* |
| Mean pain score, NRS | 0.49* | 0.42* | 0.45* |
Migraine characteristics before completing their first and their second Thai-version MIDAS Questionnaire
| Migraine characteristic | First questionnaire | Second questionnaire | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| In the past 3 months (interquartile range) | |||
| Frequency of headache, median attack | 8 (14) | 9 (11) | >0.99 |
| Mean pain duration per attack, median hours | 2 (2) | 2 (2) | 0.34 |
| Mean pain score, median NRS score | 5 (3) | 5 (4) | 0.58 |
| In the past 2 months (interquartile range) | |||
| Frequency of headache, median attack | 6 (9) | 6 (9) | 0.55 |
| Mean pain duration per attack, median hours | 2 (2) | 2 (2) | >0.99 |
| Mean pain score, median NRS score | 5 (2) | 5 (3) | 0.75 |
| In the past 1 month (interquartile range) | |||
| Frequency of headache, median attack | 4 (7) | 4 (6) | 0.61 |
| Mean pain duration per attack, median hours | 2 (3) | 2 (2) | >0.99 |
| Mean pain score, median NRS score | 5 (5) | 5 (4) | 0.77 |
| In the past 2 weeks (interquartile range) | |||
| Frequency of headache, median attack | 1 (3) | 2 (4) | 0.22 |
| Mean pain duration per attack, median hours | 1 (2) | 1 (2) | >0.99 |
| Mean pain score, median NRS score | 4 (1) | 5 (3) | >0.99 |