Figure 1
Deep-vein-thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) clinical signs scoring system
| Clinical signs | Score |
|---|---|
| Deep-vein-thrombosis | |
| Swelling (circumferential diameter increase >2 cm) | 1 point |
| Warmth | 1 point |
| Discolored skin | 1 point |
| Visible surface vein | 1 point |
| Positive Homan sign (Calf tenderness) | 1 point |
| Pulmonary embolism | |
| Sudden dyspnea or tachypnea | 1 point |
| Chest pain | 1 point |
| Cough of hemoptysis | 1 point |
Summary of mean total blood loss, blood transfusion, and mean hematoma grading score
| Bleeding parameters | Control (N = 32) | Dabigatran (N = 32) | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean total blood loss in milliliter (SD) | 589 (245) | 572 (286) | 0.83 |
| Mean amount of blood transfusion in unit (SD) | 0.34 (0.6) | 0.34 (0.8) | 1.0 |
| Mean hematoma grading score (SD) | |||
| Third day after surgery | 0.37 (0.5) | 0.43 (0.6) | 0.67 |
| Seventh day after surgery | 0.37 (0.6) | 0.68 (0.9) | 0.11 |
Hematoma grading score used for evaluation of hematoma and hemarthrosis
| Description | Grade |
|---|---|
| No hematoma or hemarthrosis | 0 |
| Minor hematoma around the wound with no hemarthrosis | I |
| Moderate hematoma around the wound extending to the calf, thigh, or popliteal region with hemarthrosis with no rehabilitation restriction | II |
| Severe hematoma or hemarthrosis threatening wound healing, requiring knee aspiration, reoperation, or causing delay rehabilitation | III |
Summary of the mean DVT clinical score
| DVT clinical score | Control (N = 32) | Dabigatran (N = 32) | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean DVT clinical score (SD) | |||
| 3 days after surgery | 0.28 | 0.31 | 0.63 |
| 7 days after surgery | 0.21 | 0.18 | 0.95 |
Patient demographics data and operative characteristics
| Characteristic | Control (N = 32) | Dabigatran (N = 32) | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 68 (7.2) | 69 (7.4) | 0.63 |
| Women | 23 (71%) | 27 (84%) | 0.22 |
| Comorbidities | |||
| HT | 20 (62%) | 22 (68%) | 0.59 |
| DM type 2 | 4 (12%) | 4 (12%) | 1 |
| Ischemic heart disease | 1 (3%) | 0 | 0.31 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 1 (3%) | 0 | 0.31 |
| Previous history of inactive cancer | 0 | 1 (3%) | 0.31 |
| Body mass index | 27.5 (4.8) | 27.6 (4.2) | 0.91 |
| Preoperative oxford knee score | 21.5 (7.2) | 21.4 (5.5) | 0.98 |
| Operative time (min) | 114.5 (13.1) | 112.9 (23.2) | 0.74 |
| Length of hospital stay (days) | 7.4 (1.2) | 8.4 (2.1) | 0.02 |
Summary of details of bleeding complication
| Bleeding complications | Control (N = 32) | Dabigatran (N = 32) | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Minor bleeding events, n (%) | 3 (9.3) | 4 (12.5) | |
| Macroscopic hematuria | 0 | 0 | |
| Epistaxis | 0 | 1 | |
| Skin bruise | 2 | 3 | |
| Grade II hemarthrosis | 2 | 2 | |
| Clinically relevant nonmajor bleeding | |||
| Grade III hemarthrosis, n (%) | 0 (0) | 1 (3.1) | 0.31 |
| Major bleeding events | |||
| Major organ bleeding | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 |
| Required more than two units blood transfusion | 0 (0) | 1 (3.1) | 0.31 |
| The composite of major and clinically relevant nonmajor bleeding events, n (%) | 0 (0) | 2 (6.2) | 0.15 |
| Total bleeding events, n (%) | 3 (9.3) | 6 (18.7) | 0.28 |