Molecular diagnosis of human leptospirosis
| Detection method | Molecular target | Limit of detectiona | Clinical Evaluation | References | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sample | % Sensitivity | % Specificity | ||||
| SYBR green | secY | 60 GE/PCR | Whole blood | 67.7 | 90.0 | [63, 71, 72, 73] |
| lfb1 | 103 cells/mL | ND | ND | ND | ||
| lipL32 | 102 cells/mL, 3 GE/PCR | Serum | 30 | 100 | ||
| TaqMan | lipL32 | 40 cells/mL, 1 GE/PCR | Whole blood | 43.0–60.6 | 93.0–99.0 | [21, 60, 74, 75] |
| Serum | 29.1 | 99.0 | ||||
| Blood culture | 86 | 100.0 | ||||
| Urine | ND | 100.0 | ||||
| rrs | 40 cells/mL, 1 GE/PCR | Whole blood | 18.4–96.4 | 90.0–99.5 | [20, 74, 75, 76, 77] | |
| Serum | 50.0–51.0 | 99.2 | ||||
| Buffy coat | 35.7 | 99.7 | ||||
| Blood culture | 69.5–100.0 | 95.2–97.0 | ||||
| Urine | 39.1 | 91.5–92.5 | ||||
| rrs/lipL32 | ND | Serum | 53.9 | 99.6 | [22] | |
| Buffy coat | 58.8 | 99.9 | ||||
| Urine | 45.0 | 99.6 | ||||
| RT-PCR | rrs | 1 cell/mL | Whole blood | 64.0 | 100.0 | [66] |
| ddPCR | lipL32 | 10 cells/mL, 1 GE/PCR | Spiked whole blood | ND | ND | Our study |
| RPA | lipL32 | ≤2 GE/Rx | Serum | 94.7 | 97.7 | [78] |
| LAMP | lipL32 | 10 GE/Rx | Serum, urine | 91.67 | 100 | [79] |
| rrs | 10 GE/Rx | Serum | 43.6 | 83.5 | ||