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Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome as a cause of neonatal acute liver failure Cover

Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome as a cause of neonatal acute liver failure

Open Access
|Mar 2020

Figures & Tables

Figure 1

General management of NALF [15, 16, 18]. *Hypertonic saline (3%–30%) is preferred over mannitol in management of ICH.There is no enough evidence to support the use of mannitol and therapeutic hypothermia in NALF.PT, prothrombin time; INR, international normalized ratio; q, every; h, hours; LFT, liver function test; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; Cr, serum creati-nine; Ca, calcium; PO, phosphate; ETT, endotracheal tube; HTS, hypertonic saline; Na, sodium; ICH, intracranial hypertension; GAL-1-PUT, Galactose 1-phosphate uridyl transferase; IV, intravenously; HSV, Herpes simplex virus; SIRS, systemic inflammatory response syndrome; ATB, antibiotics; FFP, fresh frozen plasma; PPI, proton pump inhibitor
General management of NALF [15, 16, 18]. *Hypertonic saline (3%–30%) is preferred over mannitol in management of ICH.There is no enough evidence to support the use of mannitol and therapeutic hypothermia in NALF.PT, prothrombin time; INR, international normalized ratio; q, every; h, hours; LFT, liver function test; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; Cr, serum creati-nine; Ca, calcium; PO, phosphate; ETT, endotracheal tube; HTS, hypertonic saline; Na, sodium; ICH, intracranial hypertension; GAL-1-PUT, Galactose 1-phosphate uridyl transferase; IV, intravenously; HSV, Herpes simplex virus; SIRS, systemic inflammatory response syndrome; ATB, antibiotics; FFP, fresh frozen plasma; PPI, proton pump inhibitor

Diagnostic criteria and severity staging (Quintero staging system) of TTTS [3, 5, 6]

Diagnostic criteriaSeverity staging (Quintero staging system)
  • Presence of a monochorionic diamniotic pregnancy

  • Polyhydramnios in the recipient with DVP of ≥8 cm and oligohydramnios in the donor with DVP < 2 cm

  • DVP < 2 cm in donor sac; DVP > 8 cm in recipient sac

  • The bladder is no longer visible in the donor twin

  • Critically abnormal Doppler in either twin: absent/reverse diastolic flow in the umbilical artery of the donor or recipient and/or absent/reverse flow in the ductus venosus or pulsatile flow in the umbilical vein of the recipient

  • Hydrops in either fetus

  • Demise of one or both twins

Causes of neonatal liver failure, assessment methods, and results

CauseAssessment methodResult
SyphilisQuantitative non-treponemal serological testNegative
ToxoplasmosisSerology (IgG and IgM)IgG less than 1:16; IgM negative
RubellaSerology (IgG and IgM)Negative
CytomegalovirusBlood and urinary PCRNegative
Herpes simplex virusBlood PCRNegative
Varicella virusBlood PCRNegative
Infection/sepsisBlood cultureNo growth
Hepatitis viruses A, B, and CSerology (IgG and IgM)Negative

Laboratory results

26/327/328/329/330/331/31/42/43/44/45/46/47/48/49/4
Hct (%)46.136.750.442.235.440.539.332.9404134.632.43136.234.3
Platelet (cell/mm3)132K97K105K77K69K75K81K62K45K120K85K79K88K75K82K
AST (U/L)4,5804,290267156724429302847
ALT (U/L)7926501931661118657512418
ALP (U/L)232227215262309319302369372369
TP (g/dL)5.86.310.205.76.16.37.67.27.77.4
Alb (g/dL)2.63.12.62.72.82.94.32.93.23.2
Glb (g/dL)3.23.23.23.03.33.43.34.34.54.2
TB (mg/dL)2.194.465.812.7212.3810.227.66.688.4313.57
DB (mg/dL)0.300.371.603.085.064.684.34.35.649.09
IDB (mg/dL)1.893.098.609.647.325.543.32.32.794.48
Fibrinogen76.0103.3142.1147.9172.3233.2204211
PT (s) (13.5–16.4)38.945.339.127.625.023.017.218.51816.415.715.71515.6
PTT (s) (29.5–42.2)42.843.956.654.653.751.036.544.147.346.145.251.343.744.6
INR (1.05–1.35)3.504.113.522.442.202.021.491.61.561.411.351.351.291.34
LP-PRC15 mL/kg · 110 mL/kg · 110 mL/kg · 1
LP-Plt10 mL/kg · 110 mL/kg · 110 mL/kg · 110 mL/kg · 115 mL/kg · 1
Cryo1 unit1 unit1 unit1 unit1 unit
FFP10 mL/kg · 310 mL/kg · 310 mL/kg · 210 mL/kg · 210 mL/kg · 210 mL/kg · 210 mL/kg · 215 mL/kg · 115 mL/kg · 115 mL/kg · 110 mL/kg · 1
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/abm-2019-0055 | Journal eISSN: 1875-855X | Journal ISSN: 1905-7415
Language: English
Page range: 163 - 170
Published on: Mar 31, 2020
Published by: Chulalongkorn University
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 6 issues per year

© 2020 Chattip Prueksapraopong, Varisa Piriyakitpaiboon, Dissajee Lumbiganon, published by Chulalongkorn University
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.