Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Anthropometric characteristics and biochemical variables of the mildly decreased eGFR (G2) and the normal eGFR (G1)
| Variables | Normal eGFR (G1) | Mildly decreased eGFR (G2) | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 90) | (n = 82) | ||
| Sex | |||
| Male, n (%) | 14 (16) | 22 (27) | |
| Female, n (%) | 76 (84) | 60 (73) | 0.069a |
| Age (years) | 43.52 ± 5.92 | 50.17 ± 6.42 | <0.001*b |
| Weight (kg) | 63.53 ± 12.36 | 62.24 ± 9.99 | 0.760b |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 24.697 ± 3.87 | 24.09 ± 3.10 | 0.624b |
| Waist (cm) | 82.56 ± 10.14 | 83.72 ± 8.35 | 0.278b |
| Hip (cm) | 98.94 ± 8.91 | 97.54 ± 7.50 | 0.331b |
| Waist-to-hip ratio | 0.84 ± 0.07 | 0.86 ± 0.06 | 0.062b |
| DBP (mmHg) | 75.89 ± 9.33 | 80.20 ± 10.34 | <0.001*b |
| SBP (mmHg) | 116.28 ± 12.46 | 124.32 ± 13.25 | <0.001*b |
| Body adipose | 30.98 ± 4.88 | 30.20 ± 4.96 | 0.274b |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.70 ± 0.11 | 0.92 ± 0.14 | <0.001*b |
| eGFR | 105.02 ± 8.33 | 80.20 ± 6.98 | <0.001*b |
| UACR (mg/g) | 6.71 ± 4.27 | 8.13 ± 9.39 | 0.582b |
| FPG (mg/dL) | 88.44 ± 6.56 | 88.91 ± 6.97 | 0.630b |
| Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 225.56 ± 50.23 | 229.27 ± 45.45 | 0.480b |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 113.42 ± 54.58 | 125.43 ± 69.30 | 0.321b |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 54.29 ± 14.54 | 60.61 ± 15.16 | 0.012*b |
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | 144.36 ± 38.66 | 143.45 ± 40.13 | 0.800b |
| Serum adiponectin (mg/mL) | 6.57 ± 3.24 | 8.23 ± 3.26 | <0.001*b |
Multiple linear regression with adiponectin as a dependent variable (N = 172)
| Independent variables | Unstandardized coefficients | Standardized coefficients | t | P < 0.05 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B | Std. Error | Beta | |||
| Constant | 22.190 | 36.021 | 0.616 | 0.539 | |
| Age (year) | 0.117 | 0.052 | 0.244 | 2.248 | 0.026* |
| Weight (kg) | 0.244 | 0.247 | 0.822 | 0.989 | 0.324 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | –0.595 | 0.643 | –0.627 | –0.926 | 0.356 |
| Waist (cm) | –0.078 | 0.264 | –0.216 | –0.295 | 0.769 |
| Hip (cm) | –0.094 | 0.343 | –0.233 | –0.275 | 0.784 |
| Waist-to-hip ratio | 3.976 | 24.328 | 0.084 | 0.163 | 0.870 |
| DBP (mmHg) | –0.050 | 0.032 | –0.150 | –1.534 | 0.127 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 0.019 | 0.025 | 0.077 | 0.783 | 0.435 |
| Body adiposity index | 0.182 | 0.485 | 0.268 | 0.375 | 0.708 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | –1.451 | 4.985 | –0.073 | –0.291 | 0.771 |
| eGFR | –0.030 | 0.053 | –0.129 | –0.562 | 0.575 |
| UACR (mg/g) | 0.021 | 0.031 | 0.045 | 0.664 | 0.508 |
| FPG (mg/dL) | 0.054 | 0.035 | 0.108 | 1.554 | 0.122 |
| Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 0.020 | 0.011 | 0.289 | 1.909 | 0.058 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | –0.006 | 0.005 | –0.103 | –1.152 | 0.251 |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 0.053 | 0.020 | 0.241 | 2.651 | 0.009* |
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | –0.030 | 0.012 | –0.351 | –2.537 | 0.012* |
| Constant = 22.190; R = 0.600; R2 = 0.280; SEest= ±2.82; F = 4.494; P <0.05 | |||||
Univariate and multivariate analyses of risk for mildly decreased eGFR
| Variables | Case | Control | Crude OR | P | Adjusted OR | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) | N (%) | (95%Cl) | (95%Cl) | |||
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 22 (26.8) | 14 (15.6) | 1 | |||
| Female | 60 (73.2) | 76 (84.4) | 0.5 (0.2–1.1) | 0.072 | ||
| Age (years) | ||||||
| 35–45 | 20 (24.4) | 60 (66.7) | 1 | 1 | ||
| 46–55 | 38 (46.3) | 25 (27.8) | 4.5 (2.2–9.3) | <0.001* | 4.0 (1.9–8.3) | <0.001* |
| >55 | 24 (29.3) | 5 (5.5) | 14.4 (4.9–42.8) | <0.001* | 11.4 (3.7–35.5) | <0.001* |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | ||||||
| Normal | 30 (36.6) | 30 (33.3) | 1 | |||
| Overweight | 27 (37.9) | 30 (33.3) | 0.9 (0.4–1.9) | 0.776 | ||
| Obese | 25 (30.5) | 30 (33.3) | 0.8 (0.4–1.7) | 0.626 | ||
| Waist-to-hip ratio | ||||||
| Male ≤0.90, Female ≤0.85 | 52 (63.4) | 63 (70.0) | 1 | |||
| Male >0.90, Female >0.85 | 30 (36.6) | 27 (30.0) | 1.3 (0.7–2.5) | 0.360 | ||
| SBP (mmHg) | ||||||
| <130 | 57 (69.5) | 77 (85.6) | 1 | 1 | ||
| ≥130 | 25 (30.5) | 13 (14.4) | 2.6 (1.2–5.5) | 0.013* | 1.2 (0.4–3.4) | 0.689 |
| DBP (mmHg) | ||||||
| <85 | 53 (64.6) | 75 (83.3) | 1 | 1 | ||
| ≥85 | 29 (35.4) | 15 (16.7) | 2.7 (1.4–5.9) | 0.006* | 2.2 (0.8–5.5) | 0.112 |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | ||||||
| <100 | 78 (95.1) | 89 (5.6) | 1 | |||
| ≥100 | 4 (4.9) | 1 (1.1) | 4.5 (0.5–41.7) | 0.179 | ||
| Cholesterol (mg/dL) | ||||||
| <200 | 18 (22.0) | 28 (31.1) | 1 | |||
| ≥200 | 64 (78.0) | 62 (68.9) | 1.6 (0.8–3.2) | 0.177 | ||
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | ||||||
| <150 | 58 (70.7) | 71 (78.9) | 1 | |||
| ≥150 | 24 (29.3) | 19 (21.1) | 1.5 (0.8–3.1) | 0.219 | ||
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | ||||||
| Male ≥40, Female ≥50 | 14 (17.1) | 23 (25.6) | 1 | |||
| Male <40, Female <50 | 68.6 (82.9) | 67 (74.4) | 1.6 (0.8–3.5) | 0.179 | ||
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | ||||||
| <100 | 11 (12.6) | 9 (10.0) | 1 | |||
| ≥100 | 76 (87.4) | 81 (90.0) | 0.8 (0.3–2.1) | 0.647 | ||
| Serum adiponectin (mg/mL) | ||||||
| <5.70 | 24 (29.3) | 45 (50.0) | 1 | 1 | ||
| ≥5.70 | 58 (70.7) | 45 (50.0) | 2.4 (1.3–4.5) | 0.006* | 1.7 (0.8–3.5) | 0.147 |
Bivariate spearman’s rank correlation coefficients between serum adiponectin with anthropometric characteristics and biochemical variables
| Variables | Serum adiponectin (µg/mL) | |
|---|---|---|
| r | P | |
| Age (year) | 0.355 | <0.001* |
| Weight (kg) | -0.306 | <0.001* |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | -0.217 | 0.004* |
| Waist (cm) | -0.236 | 0.002* |
| Hip (cm) | -0.256 | 0.001* |
| Waist-to-hip ratio | -0.105 | 0.168 |
| DBP (mmHg) | -0.071 | 0.358 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 0.004 | 0.963 |
| Body adiposity index | -0.068 | 0.379 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | -0.073 | 0.344 |
| eGFR | -0.257 | 0.001* |
| UACR (mg/g) | 0.108 | 0.159 |
| FPG (mg/dL) | -0.005 | 0.947 |
| Cholesterol (mg/dL) | -0.056 | 0.469 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | -0.204 | 0.007* |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 0.444 | <0.001* |
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | -0.082 | 0.283 |