Figure 1
PDQ tendon (A) and muscle (B) on the dorsal surface of foot PB tendon, peroneus brevis tendon; PDQ, peroneus digiti quinti; PL tendon, peroneus longus tendon; scale represents 2 cm
Figure 2
PQ insertion: (A) retrotrochlear eminence, (B) 5th metatarsal, (C) cuboid, (D) peroneal tubercle PB tendon, peroneus brevis tendon; PL tendon, peroneus longus tendon; PQ, peroneus quartus; SPR, superior peroneal retinaculum; scale represents 2 cm
Table 1
Prevalence of accessory peroneal muscles, and their origin and insertion
| Male (n = 55) | Female (n = 54) | Total (N = 109) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PQ | 8 | 5 | 13 | PB muscle belly (9) | Retrotrochlear eminence of calcaneus (9) |
| (7%) | (5%) | (12%) | PB tendon (3) | Base of 5th metatarsal (1) | |
| PL tendon (1) | Cuboid (1) | ||||
| Peroneal tubercle (2) | |||||
| PDQ | 17 | 16 | 33 | PB tendon (33) | Base of 5th proximal phalanx (26) |
| (16%) | (15%) | (30%) | Single tendon (32) | Base of 5th middle phalanx (1) | |
| Muscle fiber (1) | PDQ tendon merged with extensor digitorum longus and inserted at the base of 5th distal phalanx (4) Shaft of 5th metatarsal (2) | ||||
| Unusual accessory | 1 (1%) | 1 (1%) | 2 (2%) | PL muscle (1) | Peroneal tubercle between the inferior peroneal retinaculum septum (1) |
| peroneal | PL tendon and PB muscle (1) | Tendon bifurcated, one inserted at the talus and peroneal tubercle and the other at the retrotrochlear eminence (1) |
[i] PB, peroneus brevis; PDQ, peroneus digiti quinti; PL, peroneus longus; PQ, peroneus quartus
Figure 3
Unusual accessory peroneal muscle (*) (A) arose from PL muscle (B) inserted at peroneal tubercle LM, lateral malleolus; PB muscle, peroneus brevis muscle; PL, peroneus longus; scale represents 2 cm
Figure 4
Unusual accessory peroneal muscle (*) which coexisted with PQ muscle; the origin of unusual accessory peroneal muscle (arrows) from PL and PB IPR, inferior peroneal retinaculum; LM, lateral malleolus; PB tendon, peroneus brevis tendon; PL tendon, peroneus longus tendon; PQ, peroneus quartus; scale represents 2 cm
Figure 5
Grade IV of PQ tendon tear (arrows) PB tendon, peroneus brevis tendon; PL tendon, peroneus longus tendon; PQ, peroneus quartus; scale represents 2 cm
Table 2
Association between PQ and the prominence of a retrotrochlear eminence or peroneal tubercle
| PQ | Total | χ2test | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present | Absent | ||||
| Prominent retrotroch- | Present | 12 | 75 | 87 | |
| lear eminence | Absent | 1 | 21 | 22 | P = 0.23 |
| Prominent peroneal | Present | 7 | 44 | 51 | |
| tubercle | Absent | 6 | 52 | 58 | P = 0.58 |
[i] PQ, peroneus quartus
Table 3
Association between PDQ and the prominence of a retrotrochlear eminence or peroneal tubercle
| PDQ | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present | Absent | Total | χ2 test | ||
| Prominent retrotrochlear | Present | 27 | 60 | 87 | P = 0.73 |
| eminence | Absent | 6 | 16 | 22 | |
| Prominent peroneal | Present | 17 | 34 | 51 | P = 0.52 |
| tubercle | Absent | 16 | 42 | 58 | |
[i] PDQ, peroneus digiti quinti