Figure 1
Figure 2
Baseline characteristics of the 30 eligible participants
| Characteristic | Value |
|---|---|
| Age, years (SD) | 42.4 (13) |
| Female sex, n (%) | 29 (97) |
| Educational level Based on UNESCO’s International Standard Classification of Education 1997 | |
| Primary education | 8 (27) |
| Upper secondary education | 3 (10) |
| Postsecondary nontertiary education | 5 (17) |
| First and second stage of tertiary education | 14 (47) |
| Classification of migraine, n (%) | |
| Migraine without aura | 27 (90) |
| Migraine with aura | 3 (10) |
| Duration of having migraine (years) | |
| Median | 5.3 |
| Interquartile range | 8.0 |
| Average pain duration per attack (hours) | |
| Median | 3.8 |
| Interquartile range | 4.0 |
| Average pain severity, n (%) | |
| Mild | 1 (3) |
| Moderate | 23 (77) |
| Severe | 6 (20) |
| Associated symptoms level Counted more than once | |
| Nausea | 19 (63) |
| Photophobia | 17 (57) |
| Phonophobia | 15 (50) |
| Vomiting | 13 (43) |
Baseline characteristics of the 11 participants for clinical testing
| Characteristic | Value |
|---|---|
| Age, years (SD) | 39.6 (14.7) |
| Female sex, n (%) | 10 (91) |
| Educational level, n (%) | |
| Primary education | 2 (18) |
| Upper secondary education | 3 (27) |
| Postsecondary nontertiary education | 5 (46) |
| First stage of tertiary education | 1 (9) |
| Occupation, n (%) | |
| Employee | 7 (64) |
| Studying | 3 (27) |
| Business | 1 (9) |
| Duration of having migraine, years | |
| Median | 3.0 |
| Interquartile range | 8.0 |
Comparison of the change in the history of headache between 2 periods of 4 weeks and the score change in the Thai version of the MSQv2_1
| Headache history | Time zero (0) | Week 4 (4) | Week 8 (8) | P (week 4 and time zero) | P (week 8 and time zero) | P (weeks 8 and 4) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Frequency of attacks 4 weeks before (episodes) | ||||||
| Median | 12.0 | 8.0 | 2.0 | 0.75 | 0.18 | 0.06 |
| Interquartile range | 12.0 | 18.0 | 11.0 | |||
| Average pain duration per attack, hours | ||||||
| Median | 3.0 | 1.5 | 1.0 | 1.00 | 0.002 P < 0.01 | 0.02 P < 0.05 |
| Interquartile range | 3.5 | 10.5 | 2.0 | |||
| Average pain severity score (NRS) | ||||||
| Median | 6.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 0.04 P < 0.05 | 0.34 | 1.00 |
| Interquartile range | 1.5 | 4.0 | 6.0 | |||
| Headache severity, n (%) | ||||||
| Mild | 6 (55) | 9 (82) | 11 (100) | 0.38 | 0.06 | 0.50 |
| Moderate or severe | 5 (45) | 2 (18) | 0 (0) | |||
| Location of pain Counted more than once | ||||||
| Ocular | 8 (73) | 7 (64) | 3 (27) | 1.00 | 0.09 | 0.19 |
| Back of neck | 6 (55) | 3 (27) | 1 (9) | 0.38 | 0.06 | 0.58 |
| Forehead | 2 (18) | 0 (0) | 2 (18) | NA | 1.00 | NA |
| Temple | 10 (91) | 8 (73) | 8 (73) | 0.58 | 0.58 | 1.00 |
| Occiput | 8 (73) | 5 (45) | 5 (45) | 0.38 | 0.36 | 1.00 |
| Vertex | 2 (18) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | NA | NA | NA |
| Whole head | 5 (45) | 2 (18) | 1 (9) | 0.36 | 0.14 | 1.00 |
| Side Counted more than once | ||||||
| Unilateral, constant | 2 (18) | 6 (55) | 4 (36) | 0.10 | 0.63 | 0.66 |
| Bilateral | 5 (45) | 5 (45) | 2 (18) | 1.00 | 0.36 | 0.36 |
| Unilateral with alternating | 6 (55) | 2 (18) | 3 (27) | 0.10 | 0.36 | 1.00 |
| Unilateral and then bilateral | 2 (18) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | NA | NA | NA |
| Pain quality Counted more than once | ||||||
| Dull aching/pressing | 4 (36) | 4 (36) | 2 (18) | 1.00 | 0.63 | 0.63 |
| Throbbing | 9 (82) | 6 (55) | 6 (55) | 0.36 | 0.36 | 1.00 |
| Sharp or stabbing | 1 (9) | 0 (0) | 3 (27) | NA | 0.58 | NA |
| Associated symptoms Counted more than once | ||||||
| Nausea/vomiting | 9 (82) | 2 (18) | 1 (9) | 0.01 | 0.002 | 1.00 |
| Photophobia/phonophobia | 10 (91) | 2 (18) | 3 (27) | 0.002 | 0.007 | 1.00 |
| Precipitating factors, n (%) | ||||||
| No | 2 (18) | 2 (45) | 5 (45) | 1.00 | 0.36 | 0.36 |
| Taking acute pain medication, n (%) | ||||||
| Yes | 11 (100) | 11 (100) | 10 (91) | NA | NA | NA |
| Type of acute pain medication, n (%) | ||||||
| Simple analgesic/NSAIDs | 10 (91) | 10 (91) | 10 (91) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Migraine-specific medication | 1 (9) | 1 (9) | 1 (9) | 1.00 | NA | NA |
| Effect of acute pain medication, n (%) | ||||||
| Pain improvement | 8 (73) | 9 (82) | 9 (82) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Adverse effect of acute pain medication, n (%) | ||||||
| Yes | 2 (18) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | NA | NA | NA |
| Taking prophylactic medication, n (%) | ||||||
| Yes | 3 (27) | 10 (91) | 11 (100) | 0.007 | NA | NA |
| Type of prophylactic medication, n (%) | ||||||
| Antiepileptic drugs | 1 (9) | 7 (64) | 7 (64) | 0.02 | 0.02 | 1.00 |
| Calcium antagonists | 2 (18) | 1 (9) | 1 (9) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Antidepressants | 0 (0) | 2 (18) | 3 (27) | NA | NA | 1.00 |
| Adverse effect of prophylactic medication, n (%) | ||||||
| Yes | 0 (0) | 2 (18) | 1 (9) | NA | NA | 1.00 |
| Adverse effect of both acute pain and prophylactic medications, n (%) | ||||||
| Yes | 2 (18) | 2 (18) | 1 (9) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| RR – median score (interquartile range) | 48.6 (28.6) | 85.7 (22.9) | 85.7 (20.0) | 0.02 | 0.002 | 0.06 |
| RP – median score (interquartile range) | 70.0 (25.0) | 95.0 (15.0) | 100.0 (15.0) | 0.02 | 0.002 | 1.00 |
| EF – median score (interquartile range) | 73.3 (38.0) | 86.7 (20.0) | 93.3 (20.0) | 0.22 | 0.12 | 1.00 |
| Overall score of MSQv2.1 – median score (interquartile range) | 62.9 (27.1) | 88.6 (18.6) | 88.6 (18.6) | 0.02 | 0.001 | 0.11 |
History of headache 4 weeks before completion of the first and second questionnaires
| Headache information/score of Thai version of the MSQv2.1 | First questionnaire | Second questionnaire | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Frequency of attacks 4 weeks before (episodes) | |||
| Median | 4.0 | 4.0 | NS |
| Interquartile range | 7.2 | 7.0 | |
| Average pain duration per attack (hours) | |||
| Median | 2.0 | 2.0 | NS |
| Interquartile range | 3.6 | 2.9 | |
| Average pain severity score (NRS) | |||
| Median | 4.5 | 5.0 | NS |
| Interquartile range | 4.0 | 5.2 | |
| No. of associated symptoms, n (%) | 15.0 (50) | 16.0 (53) | NS |
| Headache severity, n (%) | |||
| Mild | 22 (73) | 20 (67) | NS |
| Moderate or severe | 8 (27) | 10 (33) |
Clinical testing for sensitivity of the Thai version of the MSQv2_1 to change of the headache history between 2 periods of 4 weeks
| History of headache | Correlation coefficient for median improvement | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RR | RP | EF | Overall QoL | |
| Between week 4 and time zero | ||||
| Median reduction in frequency of attacks 4 weeks before | −0.32 | −0.23 | −0.22 | −0.24 |
| Median reduction in average pain duration per attack, hours | −0.13 | 0.40 | 0.07 | 0.12 |
| Median reduction in average pain severity score (NRS) | 0.24 | 0.16 | −0.33 | 0.16 |
| Improvement in associated symptoms with nausea/vomiting to no nausea/vomiting | −0.12 | −0.18 | 0.31 | −0.09 |
| Improvement in associated symptoms with photophobia/phonophobia to no photophobia/phonophobia | 0.32 | 0.09 | 0.27 | 0.29 |
| Change in proportion to take prophylactic medications | 0.24 | −0.21 | 0.25 | −0.21 |
| Improvement in headache severity from moderate to severe to mild | 0.71 P < 0.05 | 0.77 P < 0.01 | 0.40 | 0.77 P < 0.01 |
| Between week 8 and time zero | ||||
| Median reduction in frequency of attacks 4 weeks before | 0.15 | 0.20 | −0.21 | 0.15 |
| Median reduction in average pain duration per attack, hours | 0.02 | −0.21 | −0.59 | −0.12 |
| Median reduction in average pain severity score (NRS) | 0.34 | 0.17 | 0.01 | 0.28 |
| Improvement in associated symptoms with nausea/vomiting to no nausea/vomiting | 0.33 | 0.13 | −0.16 | 0.25 |
| Improvement in associated symptoms with photophobia/phonophobia to no photophobia/phonophobia | 0.00 | 0.24 | −0.24 | 0.06 |
| Change in proportion to take prophylactic medications | −0.45 | −0.26 | 0.66 P < 0.05 | −0.38 |
| Improvement in headache severity from moderate to severe to mild | 0.71 P < 0.05 | 0.52 | 0.29 | 0.77 P < 0.01 |
| Between weeks 8 and 4 | ||||
| Median reduction in frequency of attacks 4 weeks before | 0.07 | −0.15 | −0.61 P < 0.05 | −0.12 |
| Median reduction in average pain duration per attack, hours | 0.07 | 0.57 | −0.02 | 0.11 |
| Median reduction in average pain severity score (NRS) | −0.39 | −0.50 | −0.35 | −0.62 P < 0.05 |
| Improvement in associated symptoms with nausea/vomiting to no nausea/vomiting | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.03 | 0.22 |
| Improvement in associated symptoms with photophobia/phonophobia to no photophobia/phonophobia | 0.20 | −0.05 | 0.40 | 0.30 |
| Change in proportion to take prophylactic medications | −0.50 | −0.30 | 0.20 | −0.40 |
| Improvement in headache severity from moderate to severe to mild | 0.59 | 0.69 P < 0.05 | 0.26 | 0.67 P < 0.05 |
Score of each item and domain of the Thai version of the MSQv2_1 between the first and second questionnaires
| Score of Thai version of the MSQ 2.1 | First questionnaire | Second questionnaire | r Spearman’s correlation coefficient | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RR – median score (interquartile range) | ||||
| Item 1 family interfered with how well you dealt with family, friends, and others | 3.5 (2.2) | 4.0 (2.0) | 0.68 | <0.001 |
| Item 2 leisure interfered with your leisure time activities, such as reading and exercising | 3.0 (3.0) | 4.0 (2.0) | 0.58 | 0.001 |
| Item 3 activity – had difficulty in performing work or daily activities | 4.0 (2.2) | 4.0 (2.0) | 0.77 | <0.001 |
| Item 4 work – kept you from getting as much done at work or at home | 4.0 (2.0) | 3.5 (2.0) | 0.66 | <0.001 |
| Item 5 concentration – limited your ability to concentrate on work or daily activities | 3.5 (3.0) | 4.0 (2.2) | 0.61 | <0.001 |
| Item 6 tired – left you too tired to do work or daily activities | 3.0 (2.3) | 4.0 (2.0) | 0.71 | <0.001 |
| Item 7 energy – limited the number of days you have felt energetic | 3.0 (2.2) | 4.0 (2.0) | 0.72 | <0.001 |
| RR dimension scores (rescale to 0–100) – median (interquartile range) | 71.4 (39.2) | 77.1 (23.6) | 0.83 | <0.001 |
| RP – median score (interquartile range) | ||||
| Item 8 cancel – cancel work or daily activities | 4.0 (2.0) | 4.0 (3.0) | 0.65 | <0.001 |
| Item 9 help – need help in handling routine tasks | 5.0 (1.0) | 4.0 (1.0) | 0.60 | <0.001 |
| Item 10 stop – stop work or daily activities | 4.0 (2.0) | 4.0 (2.0) | 0.62 | <0.001 |
| Item 11 social – not able to go to social activities | 4.0 (2.0) | 4.5 (2.0) | 0.66 | <0.001 |
| RP dimension scores (rescale to 0–100) – median (interquartile range) | 87.5 (35.0) | 80.0 (35.0) | 0.76 | <0.001 |
| EF – median score (interquartile range) | ||||
| Item 12 frustrated – felt fed up or frustrated | 3.5 (3.0) | 4.0 (2.0) | 0.68 | <0.001 |
| Item 13 burden – felt like you were a burden on others | 5.0 (2.0) | 4.0 (1.0) | 0.68 | <0.001 |
| Item 14 afraid – afraid of letting others down | 5.0 (1.0) | 5.0 (1.0) | 0.56 | 0.001 |
| EF dimension scores (rescale to 0–100) – median (interquartile range) | 80.0 (30.0) | 83.3 (21.6) | 0.65 | <0.001 |
| Overall QoL score (rescale to 0–100) – median (interquartile range) | 76.7 (29.3) | 80.0 (24.6) | 0.83 | <0.001 |
Concurrent validity of the Thai version of MSQv2_1 score with the migraine characteristics 4 weeks before completion of the first questionnaire
| Migraine characteristic | Thai version of the MSQv2.1 score | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RR | RP | EF | Overall QoL | |
| Frequency of attacks 4 weeks before (episodes) | −0.42 P < 0.05 | −0.41 P < 0.05 | −0.39 P < 0.05 | −0.50 P < 0.05 |
| Average pain duration per attack (hours) | −0.47 P < 0.05 | −0.34 | −0.48 P < 0.05 | −0.48 P < 0.05 |
| Average pain severity score (NRS) | −0.58 P < 0.05 | −0.53 P < 0.05 | −0.50 P < 0.05 | −0.62 P < 0.05 |
| No. of associated symptoms | 0.24 | 0.35 | 0.29 | 0.30 |
| Mild degree of headache severity | −0.27 | −0.43 P < 0.05 | −0.50 P < 0.05 | −0.42 P < 0.05 |