Skip to main content
Have a personal or library account? Click to login
Policy and Oversight of Cardiac Transplantation Cover

Policy and Oversight of Cardiac Transplantation

By:  and    
Open Access
|May 2025

References

  1. Shampo MA, Kyle RA, Joseph E. Murray--Nobel Prize for organ transplantation. Mayo Clin Proc. 2001 Mar;76(3):240. doi: 10.4065/76.3.240
  2. Silbergleit, A. Norman E. Shumway and the early heart transplants. Tex Heart Inst J. 2006;33(2):274-5; author reply 275. PMID: 16878649
  3. UNOS [Internet]. Richmond, VA: United Network for Organ Sharing; c2025. History of Transplantation; 2024 [cited 2025 Mar 11]. Available from: https://unos.org/transplant/history/
  4. Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Organ Procurement and Transplantation Policy. D The “Final Rule” Department of Health and Human Services 42 CFRPart 121 Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network; Final Rule (63 Federal Register 16295, at 16332, April 2, 1998). Washington, DC: National Academies Press; 1999.
  5. US Code [Internet]. Washington, DC: Office of the Law Revision Counsel; c2025. Organ procurement and transplantation network, 42 U.S.C. §274; 1984 [cited 2025 Jan 2]. Available from: https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?hl=false&edition=prelim&req=granuleid%3AUSC-2014-title42-section274&num=0
  6. Pierson RN 3rd, Barr ML, McCullough KP, et al. Thoracic organ transplantation. Am J Transplant. 2004;4 Suppl 9:93-105. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-6135.2004.00401.x
  7. Parker WF, Garrity, ER Jr, Fedson S, Churpek MM. Trends in the Use of Inotropes to List Adult Heart Transplant Candidates at Status 1A. Circ Heart Fail. 2017 Dec;10(12):e004483. doi: 10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.117.004483
  8. Shore S, Golbus JR, Aaronson KD, Nallamothu BK. Changes in the United States Adult Heart Allocation Policy: Challenges and Opportunities. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2020 Oct;13(10):e005795. doi: 10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.119.005795
  9. Hall S, Alam A, Levine D, Barac Y. Chapter 4- Transplant Organizations, Oversight, Structure, and Allocation Process: Worldwide Perspective. In: Silvestry SC, Daneshmand MA, Goldstein DJ, editors. Textbook of Transplantation and Mechanical Support for End-Stage Heart and Lung Disease, Hoboken, NJ: Wiley Blackwell; 2024. p. 30-52.
  10. Kumar A, Alam A, Flattery E, et al. Bridge to Transplantation: Policies Impact Practices. Ann Thorac Surg. 2024 Sep;118(3):552-563. doi: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2024.03.041
  11. Mullan CW, Chouairi F, Sen S, et al. Changes in Use of Left Ventricular Assist Devices as Bridge to Transplantation With New Heart Allocation Policy. JACC Heart Fail. 2021 Jun;9(6):420-429. doi: 10.1016/j.jchf.2021.01.010
  12. Parker WF, Chung K, Anderson AS, Siegler M, Huang ES, Churpek MM. Practice Changes at U.S. Transplant Centers After the New Adult Heart Allocation Policy. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020 Jun 16;75(23):2906-2916. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.01.066
  13. Lampert BC, Ravichandran AK, Teuteberg JJ, et al. More money and more miles: the hidden costs of donor procurement with the new heart allocation system. J Heart Lung Transpl. 2020;39(4):S175. doi: 10.1016/j.healun.2020.01.745
  14. Kilic A, Mathier MA, Hickey GW, et al. Evolving Trends in Adult Heart Transplant With the 2018 Heart Allocation Policy Change. JAMA Cardiol. 2021 Feb 1;6(2):159-167. doi: 10.1001/jamacardio.2020.4909
  15. Varshney AS, Berg DD, Katz JN, et al.; Critical Care Cardiology Trials Network Investigators. Use of Temporary Mechanical Circulatory Support for Management of Cardiogenic Shock Before and After the United Network for Organ Sharing Donor Heart Allocation System Changes. JAMA Cardiol. 2020 Jun 1;5(6):703-708. doi: 10.1001/jamacardio.2020.0692
  16. Ran G, Chung K, Anderson AS, et al. Between-center variation in high-priority listing status under the new heart allocation policy. Am J Transplant. 2021 Nov;21(11):3684-3693. doi: 10.1111/ajt.16614
  17. Hanff TC, Browne A, Dickey J, et al. Heart waitlist survival in adults with an intra-aortic balloon pump relative to other Status 2, Status 1, and inotrope Status 3 patients. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2023 Mar;42(3):368-376. doi: 10.1016/j.healun.2022.10.010
  18. OPTN [Internet]. Richmond, VA: Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network; c2025. Five-Year Monitoring of Heart Allocation Proposal to Modify the Heart Allocation System; 2024 Mar 29 [cited 2025 Jan 2]. Available from: https://optn.transplant.hrsa.gov/media/opqmziro/data_report_heart_committee_5yr_rpt2_042024.pdf
  19. OPTN [Internet]. Richmond, VA: Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network; c2025. Amend Adult Heart Status 2 Mechanical Device Requirements; 2024 [cited 2025 Jan 2]. Available from: https://optn.transplant.hrsa.gov/policies-bylaws/public-comment/amend-adult-heart-status-2-mechanical-device-requirements/
  20. OPTN [Internet]. Richmond, VA: Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network; c2025. Continuous Distribution Of Hearts Update; 2024 [cited 2025 Jan 2]. Available from: https://optn.transplant.hrsa.gov/policies-bylaws/public-comment/continuous-distribution-of-hearts-update-summer-2024/
  21. UNOS [Internet]. Richmond, VA: United Network for Organ Sharing; c2025. OPTN, HRSA and CMS roles in the Nations Organ Donation and Transplant System; 2024 [cited 2025 Jan 2]. Available from: https://unos.org/wp-content/uploads/About-Roles-OPTN-CMS-HRSA-Organ-Donation-Transplant-System.pdf
  22. HRSA [Internet]. Rockville, MD: Health Resources & Services Administration; c2025. HRS Announces Organ Procurement and Transplantation Modernization Initiative; 2023 Mar 22 [cited 2025 Jan 2]. Available from: https://www.hrsa.gov/optn-modernization/march-2023
  23. HRSA [Internet]. Rockville, MD: Health Resources & Services Administration; c2025. HRSA Makes Multi-Vendor Modernization Awards to Support the Nation’s Organ Transplant System; 2024 Sep [cited 2025 Jan 2]. Available from: https://www.hrsa.gov/optn-modernization/september-2024
  24. UNOS [Internet]. Richmond, VA: United Network for Organ Sharing; c2025. UNOS applauds US Senate Appropriations Committee for increasing funding for the OPTN Modernization Initiative; 2024 Aug 2 [cited 2025 Jan 2]. Available from: https://unos.org/media-resources/releases/unos-applauds-u-s-senate-appropriations-committee-for-increasing-funding-for-the-optn-modernization-initiative/
  25. ASTS [Internet]. Arlington, VA: American Society of Transplant Surgeons; c2025. ASTS Letter to HRSA; 2024 Dec 23 [cited 2025 Jan 2]. Available from: https://www.asts.org/docs/default-source/public-comments/asts-letter-to-hrsa---nominating-committee-and-special-election---december-23-2024.pdf?sfvrsn=ff574fd3_3
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14797/mdcvj.1567 | Journal eISSN: 1947-6108
Language: English
Page range: 83 - 91
Submitted on: Jan 18, 2025
Accepted on: Mar 7, 2025
Published on: May 15, 2025
Published by: Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart & Vascular Center
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

© 2025 Amit Alam, Shelley Hall, published by Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart & Vascular Center
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License.