Table 1
Select gender-specific risk factors for cardiovascular disease in women and potential primary prevention strategies. BP: blood pressure; BMI: Body Mass Index; CV: cardiovascular: HbA1c: hemoglobin A1c, also called the glycated hemoglobin test
| RISK FACTOR | MANAGEMENT |
|---|---|
| Polycystic ovarian syndrome | Regular monitoring of BP, BMI, lipids Screening tests include oral glucose tolerance test, HbA1c Lifestyle modifications |
| Hormone contraceptive use | Contraceptive counselling Evaluate baseline CV risk Reduction of other CV risk factors such as hypertension, obesity |
| Fertility therapy | Evaluate baseline CV risk Adequate counselling for women at potential risk Routine monitoring in a preventive cardiology clinic for surveillance of cardiovascular risk factors |
| Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy | Preconception counselling Aspirin for primary prevention in women at risk of preeclampsia Routine monitoring post birth |
| Postmenopausal hormone replacement therapies | Personalized approach considering individual risk profile and shared decision making |
| Breast cancer treatment | Routine monitoring with a cardio-oncology specialist to monitor potential risk of cardiotoxicity |
Figure 1
Strategies to improve primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in women. ASCVD: atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
Figure 2
Systemic and community-level strategies for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in women. CV: cardiovascular; CVD: cardiovascular disease