Figure 1
H2FPEF score: a simple, evidence-based approach to help in diagnosis of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.10
Figure 2
Effects of SGLT2 inhibition at the myocardial level.30 CaMKII: calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II; FAO: fatty acid oxidation; Na/H: sodium/hydrogen; NLRP3: NLR family pyrin domain-containing 3; OXPHOS: oxidative phosphorylation; ROS: reactive oxygen species; and SGLT2i: sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibition
* Signifies myocardial processes.
Figure 3
American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association 2022 Guidelines for the Management of Heart Failure.2 HFpEF: heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; SGLT2: sodium-glucose cotransporter-2; ARNI: angiotensin receptor/neprilysin inhibitor; MRA: magnetic resonance imaging; ARB: angiotensin receptor blocker
* greater benefit in patients with LVEF closer to 50%.
Figure 4
Initiation and up-titration of empagliflozin in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. EF: ejection fraction; NYHA: New York Heart Association; SGLT2-i: sodium-glucose transporter-2 inhibitor; CrCl: creatinine clearance; BMP: basic metabolic panel.