Figure 1.
Representative chest computed tomography of a patient who was admitted with COVID-19.
Figure 2.
Schematic representing the cardiovascular manifestations of COVID-19. CA: coronary artery; VV ECMO: veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; VA ECMO: veno-arterial ECMO; ACS: acute coronary syndrome; TTE: transesophageal echocardiogram; CTA: computed tomography angiography; TdP: Torsades de Pointes; RV: right ventricular
Figure 3.
Proposed mechanism of cardiovascular (CV) damage by SARS-CoV-2. ACE2: angiotensin-converting enzyme 2
Figure 4.
Common causes for elevated troponin level in patients with COVID-19. MI: myocardial infarction; ACS: acute coronary syndrome
Table 1.
The Tisdale score can be used to identify patients at high risk for developing drug induced QTc prolongation.31 K+: potassium; MI: myocardial infarction
| RISK FACTORS | POINTS |
|---|---|
| Age ⩾ 68 years | 1 |
| Female sex | 1 |
| Loop diuretic | 1 |
| Serum K+ ⩽ 3.5 mEq/L | 2 |
| Admission QTc ⩾ 450 ms | 2 |
| Acute MI | 2 |
| ⩾ 2 QTc-prolonging drugs | 3 |
| Sepsis | 3 |
| Heart failure | 3 |
| One QTc-prolonging drug | 3 |
| Maximum risk score | 21 |
| Low risk: ⩽ 6 pts; moderate risk: 7–10 pts, high risk: ⩾ 11 pts | |