Figure 1.
Magnetic resonance imaging shows a dilated right atrium in a 40-year-old male with double inlet left ventricle and L-transposition of the great arteries. The patient had patch exclusion of the atrial septal defect and right atrioventricular valve and a direct right atrium to pulmonary artery connection. He presented with a massively dilated right atrium and atrial fibrillation. CS: coronary sinus; RA: right atrium. Reprinted with permission.4
Figure 2.
Kaplan-Meier plot for freedom from cardiac-related hospitalization and from death or cardiac transplantation (HTx) in patients with atriopulmonary or atrioventricular Fontan. Reprinted with permission.6
Figure 3.
Kaplan-Meier survival curve of freedom from death and transplantation in the Australian and New Zealand Fontan Registry for Fontan conversion versus other centers. Reprinted with permission.10
Figure 4.
The number of patients who underwent Fontan conversion at Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago from 1994 to 2018.
Table 1.
Surgical steps when performing a Fontan conversion.
| Resect enlarged right atrium |
| Atrial septectomy |
| Biatrial maze – cryoablation |
| Extracardiac polytetraflouroethylene graft – inferior caval vein to pulmonary artery |
| Bidirectional Glenn |
| Epicardial pacemaker |
Figure 5.
This illustration demonstrates the lesions placed (with cryoablation at −160°C for 1 minute) to complete the left side of the Cox-maze III procedure in patients with atrial fibrillation. In this illustration, the right-sided pulmonary veins and a portion of the left atrium have been opened surgically. The remaining lesions have been created with the cryoablation probe. The lesion on the coronary sinus is placed for 2 minutes. Reprinted with permission.12
Figure 6.
This illustration shows the cryoablation lesions (−160°C for 1 minute) for the right-sided maze performed in a patient who underwent an atriopulmonary Fontan for tricuspid atresia. Reprinted with permission.2
Figure 7.
Completed Fontan conversion. Reprinted with permission.12