Table 1.
Nobel Prizes associated with cholesterol.
| AWARDEE | YEAR | NOBEL ACHIEVEMENT |
|---|---|---|
| Heinrich O. Wieland | 1928 | Prizes in Chemistry for delineating the structure of cholesterol |
| Adolf O.R. Windaus | 1928 | |
| Leopold Ruzicka | 1939 | |
| Robert Robinson | 1947 | |
| Otto P.H. Diels | 1950 | |
| Konrad Bloch and Feodor Lynen | 1964 | Prize in Medicine or Physiology for uncovering the mechanisms for cholesterol biosynthesis from acetate |
| Robert B. Woodward | 1965 | Prize in Chemistry for the synthesis of cholesterol from hydroquinone in nearly 40 steps |
| Derek H.R. Barton and Odd Hassel | 1969 | Prize in Chemistry for establishing the conformation of cholesterol |
| John W. Cornforth | 1975 | Prize in Chemistry for identifying the orientation of hydrogen atoms in cholesterol |
| Michael S. Brown and Joseph L. Goldstein | 1985 | Prize in Medicine or Physiology for discoveries about the regulation of cholesterol metabolism |
Figure 1.
Schematic representation of the Glomset/Ross model of reverse cholesterol transport comprises three steps. (1) Formation of nHDL via the interaction of apolipoprotein AI with the macrophage ABCA1 transporter; direct transfer of cholesterol to HDL via ABCG4 is also shown. (2) FC esterification by LCAT to give a mature spherical form of HDL. (3) Transfer of HDL lipids to liver hepatocytes via SR-B1. nHDL: nascent high-density lipoprotein; ABCA1: ATP-binding cassette transporter; ABCG1/4: ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 1 and 4; FC: free cholesterol; LCAT: lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase; SR-B1: scavenger receptor class B type 1