Mycobacterium Chimaera Mimicking Sarcoidosis

Mycobacterium chimaera (M. chimaera) is a slow-growing nontuberculous mycobacteria usually associated with pulmonary infection in immunocompromised patients. Attributed to a specific brand of contaminated heater-cooler units used during cardiac surgery, M. chimaera has become a global public health concern due to disseminated infection affecting immunocompetent hosts. Given its nonspecific presenting symptoms and indolent course of infection, M. chimaera can mimic and be misdiagnosed as sarcoidosis. Increased awareness among the medical community and at-risk population should be maintained to facilitate more rapid diagnosis and prevent inappropriate treatment of this potentially devastating condition.