Predictors and Management of Right Heart Failure after Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation

Newer generation continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) have overall improved outcomes with lower incidences of right ventricular failure (RVF) than their pulsatile predecessors, yet RVF still occurs in 9% to 40% of LVAD recipients. Postimplant, RVF is associated with poor outcomes, end-organ dysfunction, high mortality, and reduced survival to transplant. Therefore, preoperative risk stratification, appropriate patient selection, and optimal timing of implant are of paramount importance. In this article, we review the definition, incidence, pathophysiology, and current risk prediction models for RVF and touch on the contemporary management of RVF perioperatively and post-LVAD implant.