Fig. 1.
Location of study area.
Table 1.
Independent variables included in the study.
| Code | Variable | Factor type | Year |
|---|---|---|---|
| I1 | Travel time to nearest city with population of more than 100,000 (Rosik 2021) | Spatial | 2020 |
| I2 | Population density | 2020 | |
| I3 | Demographic dependency ratio (number of people of post-working age / number of people of working age) | Demographic | 2020 |
| I4 | Share of people with higher education in municipality’s population | 2021 | |
| I5 | Share of immigrants (who moved between 2011 and 2021) in municipality’s population | 2021 | |
| I6 | Unemployment rate | Socio-economic | 2020 |
| I7 | Average share of members of clubs (cultural, sports, etc.) in municipality’s population | Social | 2015–2020 |
| I8 | Number of associations / 1000 inhabitants | 2020 | |
| I9 | Turnout in municipal council elections | 2018 |
Table 2.
Participation indexes for different types of documents.
| Document | N (all) | N* | Development planning | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PId | |||||||||||
| Av. | Med. | Stand. dev. | |||||||||
| Local development strategy | 122 | 116 | 0.78 | 0.34 | 1.04 | ||||||
| Revitalisation programme | 52 | 51 | 1.11 | 0.42 | 1.49 | ||||||
| Environemnt protecion programme | 45 | 45 | 0.06 | 0.00 | 0.15 | ||||||
| Other | 15 | – | |||||||||
| Document | N (all) | N* | Spatial planning | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PIp | PIc | PInf | |||||||||
| Av. | Med. | Stand. dev. | Av. | Med. | Stand. dev. | Av. | Med. | Stand. dev. | |||
| Spatial policy document (SUiKZP) | 35 | 35 | 1.20 | 0.50 | 2.16 | 1.80 | 0.80 | 2.59 | 0.27 | 0.25 | 0.18 |
| Land use plan | 98 | 78 | 7.00 | 2.88 | 12.97 | 3.29 | 1.48 | 4.32 | 0.28 | 0.25 | 0.15 |
Fig. 2.
Correlation coefficients of the participation index (PId) with selected variables in the case of development strategies.
I1 – travel time to the nearest city with a population of more than 100,000; I2 – population density; I3 – demographic dependency ratio; I4 – share of people with higher education; I5 – share of immigrants; I6 – unemployment rate; I7 – average share of members of clubs (cultural, sports, etc.); I8 – number of associations / 1000 inhabitants; I9 – turnout in municipal council elections.
Table 3.
Average values of the participation index for development strategies in historical-cultural regions and functional types of municipalities.
| Category of region | Av. PId | Median PId |
|---|---|---|
| Historical-cultural regions | ||
| – strong local ties, strong self-government and civic traditions, conservatism, incumbent population (Galicia) | 0.79 | 0.40 |
| – weakest civic traditions, weakest traditions of self-government, incumbent population (Lands of the former Russian partition) | 0.74 | 0.11 |
| – weak local ties, weak civic traditions, modernity, migrant population (Western and Northern Territories) | 0.57 | 0.27 |
| Functional types | ||
| – extensively developed | 0.82 | 0.35 |
| – non-agricultural functions | 1.02 | 0.57 |
| – agricultural functions | 0.67 | 0.32 |
| – external zones of urban centres | 0.72 | 0.21 |
Fig. 3.
Correlation coefficients of the participation index with selected variables in the case of land use plans.
I1 – travel time to the nearest city with a population of more than 100,000; I2 – population density; I3 – demographic dependency ratio; I4 – share of people with higher education; I5 – share of immigrants; I6 – unemployment rate; I7 – average share of members of clubs (cultural, sports, etc.); I8 – number of associations / 1000 inhabitants; I9 – turnout in municipal council elections.
Table 4.
Average values of participation indexes for land use plans in historical-cultural regions and functional types of municipalities.
| Name | Av. PIp | Median PIp | Av. PIc | Median PIc | Av. PInf | Median PInf |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Historical-cultural regions | ||||||
| – strong local ties, strong self-government and civic traditions, conservatism, incumbent population (Galicia) | 7.80 | 2.20 | 2.91 | 0.72 | 0.29 | 0.29 |
| – weakest civic traditions, weakest traditions of self-government, incumbent population (Lands of former Russian partition) | 8.28 | 4.31 | 4.70 | 1.97 | 0.31 | 0.29 |
| – weak local ties, weak civic traditions, modernity, migrant population (Western and Northern Territories) | 4.23 | 2.49 | 3.47 | 1.51 | 0.25 | 0.25 |
| Functional types | ||||||
| – extensively developed | 16.03 | 5.97 | 2.06 | 0.10 | 0.30 | 0.33 |
| – non-agricultural functions | 4.10 | 3.66 | 3.01 | 1.62 | 0.28 | 0.25 |
| – agricultural functions | 3.08 | 1.47 | 2.11 | 0.74 | 0.23 | 0.25 |
| – external zones of urban centres | 12.50 | 3.73 | 5.01 | 3.32 | 0.36 | 0.33 |