Changes in Erosion Processes and Morphology of Step-Pool Channels in the SKI Resort with Artificial Snowmaking, An Example from Gubałowskie Foothills

Figures & Tables

Channel ID	Number of Reaches	Drainage area	Length	Channel gradient	Hillslope gradient	Valley bottom width	Channel/active zone width	Bed material size	Number of steps	Step height	Step height SD	Step spacing (m)	Step spacing SD	Step clast size (mm)	Step per channel length	Channels with skiing impact
Channel ID	Number of Reaches	[km²]	[m]	[m · m⁻¹]	[°]	[m]		[mm]	[–]	[m]	[–]	[m]	[–]	[mm]	[–]	[–]
1	3	0.01	77	0.27	26.75	1.97	0.63	68	28	0.38	17.38	1.41	0.89	220	0.36	YES
2	5	0.02	192	0.24	35.48	2.74	0.98	74	69	0.39	15.69	2.83	1.91	380	0.34	YES
3	5	0.14	223	0.24	35.39	1.80	1.80	84	50	0.4	12.43	4.05	2.52	450	0.22	NO
4	6	0.07	438	0.17	31.13	3.47	0.72	68	55	0.38	21.51	4.59	1.72	230	0.13	NO
5	2	0.05	161	0.25	33.55	2.05	0.45	66	50	0.41	18.24	2.18	1.36	540	0.31	NO
6	5	0.08	295	0.23	30.41	2.94	0.78	61	137	0.31	12.94	1.98	1.70	350	0.46	NO
7	3	0.14	199	0.24	32.42	1.83	0.50	68	43	0.44	15.04	5.71	4.47	350	0.22	NO
8	8	0.18	645	0.18	33.36	3.59	1.80	84	286	0.39	22.91	2.10	1.22	730	0.44	YES

Variable	Bed material size	Step clast size	Hillslope gradient	Channel gradient	Step height avg.	Step height SD	Step spacing Avg.	Step spacing SD	Number of steps	Channel/active zone width	Valley bottom width
Bed material size
Step clast size	0.678
Hillslope gradient	0.705	0.716
Channel gradient	0.108	0.030	0.399
Step height avg.	0.184	0.005	0.406	0.175
Step height SD	–0.037	–0.119	0.198	–0.053	0.626
Step spacing avg.	–0.044	–0.299	–0.012	0.013	0.625	0.280
Step spacing SD	–0.179	–0.282	–0.340	–0.096	0.172	–0.212	0.567
Number of steps	–0.281	0.137	–0.267	–0.073	–0.578	–0.294	–0.799	–0.121
Channel/active zone width	0.611	0.455	0.392	–0.028	0.079	–0.078	0.181	0.142	–0.190
Valley bottom width	–0.304	–0.449	–0.773	–0.323	–0.326	–0.179	–0.085	0.222	0.165	–0.169
Drainage area	0.285	0.430	0.053	–0.489	0.005	–0.326	0.121	0.440	0.051	0.333	0.003

Variable	Bed material size	Step clast size	Hillslope gradient	Channel gradient	Step height avg.	Step height SD	Step spacing Avg.	Step spacing SD	Number of steps	Channel/active zone width	Valley bottom width
Bed material size
Step clast size	0.718
Hillslope gradient	0.269	0.098
Channel gradient	0.342	–0.153	0.071
Step height avg.	0.085	0.049	0.355	0.395
Step height SD	0.116	0.082	0.235	0.188	0.862
Step spacing avg.	0.158	0.000	0.616	–0.292	–0.081	–0.105
Step spacing SD	–0.178	–0.219	0.429	–0.438	–0.308	–0.266	0.815
Number of steps	0.027	0.333	0.188	–0.590	–0.142	0.111	0.058	0.100
Channel/active zone width	–0.184	0.202	0.404	–0.474	–0.027	0.077	–0.013	0.247	0.695
Valley bottom width	–0.092	0.295	0.331	–0.447	0.056	0.031	0.085	0.104	0.632	0.679
Drainage area	0.224	0.599	0.033	–0.729	–0.307	–0.033	0.045	0.056	0.763	0.572	0.510

Variable	Bed material size	Step clast size	Hillslope gradient	Channel gradient	Step height avg.	Step height SD	Step spacing Avg.	Step spacing SD	Number of steps	Channel/active zone width	Valley bottom width
Bed material size
Step clast size	0.712
Hillslope gradient	0.482	0.390
Channel gradient	0.213	-0.063	0.263
Step height avg.	0.147	0.044	0.388	0.253
Step height SD	0.080	0.044	0.220	0.049	0.713
Step spacing avg.	–0.063	–0.256	0.075	–0.032	0.393	0.058
Step spacing SD	–0.208	–0.289	–0.090	–0.192	0.002	–0.273	0.629
Number of steps	–0.076	0.278	–0.071	–0.259	–0.380	–0.047	–0.652	–0.135
Channel/active zone width	0.321	0.368	0.383	–0.153	0.071	0.036	0.021	0.076	0.128
Valley bottom width	–0.159	–0.060	–0.365	–0.356	–0.184	–0.044	–0.143	0.115	0.355	0.091
Drainage area	0.246	0.533	0.042	–0.592	–0.144	–0.131	0.050	0.206	0.397	0.374	0.231