Fig. 1.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 4.
Fig. 5.
Fig. 6.
Data sources and indicators used_
| Data sources | Indicator |
|---|---|
| Delimitation of problem areas in Poland (Śleszyński et al. 2017) | Problem areas in Poland |
| Delimitation of the Functional Urban Areas around Poland’s voivodship capital cities (Churski et al. 2023) | External zones to Functional Urban Areas around the voivodship cities |
| Spatial differentiation of the Poland population standard of living (Majka 2015) | Hellwig’s development indicator |
| Demographic Atlas of Poland (GUS 2017) | Population density, urbanisation rate, net migration for permanent residence, share of population accounted for by people of post-productive age (60/65+ years), unemployment |
| Statistical Atlas of Poland (GUS 2018) | Satisfaction with Life Index, Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita, border traffic-rate of impact, economy – entrepreneurship, forest area, pollutions |
| Incomes and living conditions of the population of Poland– report from the European Union-SILC survey of 2022 (GUS 2023) | The at-risk-of-poverty rate after social transfers by Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics 2 (NUTS 2) in 2022 |
| Land cover changes and flows in the Polish Baltic coastal zone: A qualitative and quantitative approach (Bielecka et al. 2020) | Net changes in forest, agriculture and artificial areas |
Function used (based on Bertin 1967, Brunet 1993, Ducruet 2006)_
| Chorems elementary functions | Graphical signs | Comments | References to Bertin visual variables |
|---|---|---|---|
| Specialised | Indication of the cities’ functions ( capital, port cities/groups of port cities, other important cities) | Shape, colour, size, value | |
| Gradient | Zones of influence: the magnitude of the impact is illustrated by the brightness (impact zones of major cities) | Value (lightness), size, colour, shape | |
| Closure | Closed boundary (country borders) and aperture (e.g. sea) | Colour, shape, size, orientation, grain, value | |
| Axis and its derivations (tropism) | Line of limitations and obstacles (rivers) | Colour, shape, size, orientation, value | |
| Surface | Area representing the chosen phenomenon (industrial area, urbanisation lag, transformational shock, internal periphery) | Colour, value, size, grain | |
| Trend surface | Areas in which the phenomenon is observed to be developing in a particular direction (direction of area exclusion with: urbanisation lag, transformational shock, internal periphery, direction of area exclusion) | Colour, shape, size, orientation, grain, value | |
| Dissymmetry | Centre of growth versus repulsiveness area | Size, shape, colour, value | |
| Gravitation | Centre-periphery model | Size, shape, colour, orientation, value |