Fig. 1
Locations of the synoptic stations in Poland.
Table 1
Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) assessment scale of human heat stress (Błażejczyk et al. 2013a).
| UTCI (°C) | Stress category | UTCI (°C) | Stress category |
|---|---|---|---|
| >+46 | Extreme heat stress | 0 to +9 | Slight cold stress |
| +38 to +46 | Very strong heat stress | −13 to 0 | Moderate cold stress |
| +32 to +38 | Strong heat stress | −27 to −13 | Strong cold stress |
| +26 to +32 | Moderate heat stress | −40 to −27 | Very strong cold stress |
| +9 to +26 | No thermal stress | <−40 | Extreme cold stress |
Fig. 2
Share of days with particular Universal Thermal Climate Index categories during the year in selected stations in Poland in the period 1966–2020.
Fig. 3
Average annual number of days with strong and very strong heat stress (map on the left) and days with very strong and extreme cold stress (map on the right).
Fig. 4
Number of days with strong and very strong heat stress in selected stations in the period 1966–2020.
Fig. 5
Mean (A), anomaly maps of sea level pressure (SLP, hPa, colour shades) and z500 hPa (gpm · m−1, dashed lines) (B) and anomaly map of T850 (°C) (C) for days with strong and very strong heat stress in at least 10 stations in Poland.
Fig. 6
Mean (A), anomaly maps of sea level pressure (SLP, hPa, colour shades) and z500 hPa (gpm · m−1, dashed lines) (B) and anomaly map of T850 (°C) (C) for three circulation types (T1, T2 and T3) associated with strong and very strong heat stress in Poland.
Fig. 7
Number of days with very strong and extreme cold stress in selected stations in the period 1966–2020.
Fig. 8
Mean (A), anomaly maps of sea level pressure (SLP, hPa, colour shades) (B) and z500 hPa (gpm · m−1, dashed lines) and anomaly map of T850 (°C) (C) for days with very strong and extreme cold stress in at least 10 stations in Poland.
Fig. 9
Mean (A), anomaly maps of sea level pressure (SLP, hPa, colour shades) and z500 hPa (gpm · m−1, dashed lines) (B) and anomaly map of T850 (°C) (C) for three circulation types (T4, T5 and T6) associated with very strong and extreme cold stress in Poland.