Have a personal or library account? Click to login
Exploring elemental variability in incineration residues for urban mining: A case study from southern Poland Cover

Exploring elemental variability in incineration residues for urban mining: A case study from southern Poland

Geologos
Volume 31 (2025): Issue 3 (December 2025)
By: Barbara Bielowicz and  Monika Chuchro  
Open Access
|Dec 2025

References

  1. Assi A., Bilo F., Zanoletti A., Ponti J., Valsesia A., La Spina R., Zacco A. & Bontempi E., 2020. Zero-waste approach in municipal solid waste incineration: Reuse of bottom ash to stabilize fly ash. Journal of Cleaner Production 245, 118779.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  2. Bakalár T., Pavolová H., Hajduová Z., Lacko R. & Kyšeľa K., 2021. Metal recovery from municipal solid waste incineration fly ash as a tool of circular economy. Journal of Cleaner Production 302, 126977.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  3. British Geological Survey, 2025. Minerals UK. website: https://Www.Bgs.Ac.Uk/Mineralsuk// (accessed on 20.08.2025).
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  4. Buha J., Mueller N., Nowack B., Ulrich A., Losert S. & Wang J., 2014. Physical and chemical characterization of fly ashes from Swiss waste incineration plants and determination of the ash fraction in the nanometer range. Environmental Science & Technology 48, 4765–4773.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  5. Fabricius A.L., Renner M., Voss M., Funk M., Perfoll A., Gehring F., Graf R., Fromm S. & Duester L., 2020. Municipal waste incineration fly ashes: from a multi-element approach to market potential evaluation. Environmental Sciences Europe 32, 88.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  6. Funari V., Toller S., Vitale L., Santos R.M. & Gomes H.I., 2023. Urban mining of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) residues with emphasis on bioleaching technologies: a critical review. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 30, 59128–59150.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  7. Fuoco R., Ceccarini A., Tassone P., Wei Y., Brongo A. & Francesconi S., 2005. Innovative stabilization/solidification processes of fly ash from an incinerator plant of urban solid waste. Microchemical Journal 79, 29–35.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  8. Haberl J. & Schuster M., 2019. Solubility of elements in waste incineration fly ash and bottom ash under various leaching conditions studied by a sequential extraction procedure. Waste Management 87, 268–278.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  9. Hand D.J., Smyth P. & Mannila H., 2001. Principles of Data Mining. MIT Press, website: https://doi.org/10.1201/b10158 (accessed on 20.08.2025).
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  10. Hauke J. & Kossowski T., 2011. Comparison of values of Pearson’s and Spearman’s correlation coefficients on the same sets of data. Quaestiones Geographicae 30, 87–93.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  11. Headrick T.C., 2016. A note on the relationship between the Pearson product-moment and the Spearman rank-based coefficients of correlation. Open Journal of Statistics 06(06).
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  12. Huang S.C., Chang F.C., Lo S.L., Lee M.Y., Wang C.F. & Lin J.D., 2007. Production of lightweight aggregates from mining residues, heavy metal sludge, and incinerator fly ash. Journal of Hazardous Materials 144, 52–58.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  13. Ilyushechkin A., He C. & Hla S.S., 2020. Characteristics of inorganic matter from Australian municipal solid waste processed under combustion and gasification conditions. Waste Management & Research 39, 928–936.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  14. Işıldar A., Ren E.R., van Hullebusch E.D. & Lens P.N.L., 2018. Electronic waste as a secondary source of critical metals: Management and recovery technologies. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 135, 296–312.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  15. Ivan Diaz-Loya E., Allouche E.N., Eklund S., Joshi A.R. & Kupwade-Patil K., 2012. Toxicity mitigation and solidification of municipal solid waste incinerator fly ash using alkaline activated coal ash. Waste Management 32, 1521–1527.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  16. Joseph A., Snellings R., Van den Heede P., Matthys S. & De Belie N., 2018. The use of municipal solid waste incineration ash in various building materials: A Belgian point of view. Materials 11, 141.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  17. Kabata-Pendias A., 2011. Trace Elements in Soils and Plants (4th ed.). CRC Press, website: https://doi.org/10.1201/b10158 (accessed on 20.08.2025).
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  18. Kalmykova Y. & Karlfeldt Fedje K., 2013. Phosphorus recovery from municipal solid waste incineration fly ash. Waste Management 33, 1403–1410.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  19. Kanhar A.H., Chen S. & Wang F., 2020. Incineration fly ash and its treatment to possible utilization: A review. Energies 13, 6681.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  20. Kara F., 2021. Comparison of tree diameter distributions in managed and unmanaged Kazdaği fir forests. Silva Balcanica 22, 31–43.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  21. Kravtsova M.V. & Volkov D.A., 2015. Methodology of research for qualitative composition of municipal solid waste to select an optimal method of recycling. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 91, 012075.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  22. Lane D.J., Hartikainen A., Sippula O., Lähde A., Mesceriakovas A., Peräniemi S. & Jokiniemi J., 2020. Thermal separation of zinc and other valuable elements from municipal solid waste incineration fly ash. Journal of Cleaner Production 253, 120014.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  23. Lima A.T., Ottosen L.M., Pedersen A.J. & Ribeiro A.B., 2008. Characterization of fly ash from bio and municipal waste. Biomass and Bioenergy 32, 277–282.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  24. Mudd G.M., Jowitt S.M. & Werner T.T., 2017. The world’s lead-zinc mineral resources: Scarcity, data, issues and opportunities. Ore Geology Reviews 80, 1160–1190.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  25. Murtagh F. & Contreras P., 2011. Methods of hierarchical clustering. Computing Research Repository – CORR.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  26. Nielsen F., 2016. Hierarchical clustering. [In:] Introduction to HPC with MPI for data science. Springer International Publishing, 195–211.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  27. PN-EN 14899: 2006. Polski Komitet Normalizacyjny, 2006. PN-EN 14899 Charakteryzowanie odpadów – Pobieranie próbek materiałów – Struktura przygotowania i zastosowania planu pobierania próbek [Characterization of waste – Sampling of waste materials – Framework for the preparation and application of a sampling plan].
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  28. Prasittisopin L., 2024. Power plant waste (fly ash, bottom ash, biomass ash) management for promoting circular economy in sustainable construction: emerging economy context. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, website: https://doi.org/10.1108/SASBE-09-2024-0395 (Accessed on 20.08.2025).
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  29. Rosner B., 1983. Percentage Points for a Generalized ESD Many-Outlier Procedure. Technometrics 25, 165–172.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  30. Rudnick R.L. & Gao S., 2003. Composition of the continental crust. Treatise on Geochemistry 3, 1–64.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  31. Rusănescu C.O. & Rusănescu M., 2023. Application of fly ash obtained from the incineration of municipal solid waste in agriculture. Applied Sciences 13, 3246.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  32. Schlumberger S. & Bühler J., 2012. Urban mining: Metal recovery from fly and filter ash in waste to energy plants. Ash Utilisation 2012 − Ashes in a Sustainable Society. Stockholm, Sweden.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  33. Shapiro S.S. & Wilk M.B., 1965. An analysis of variance test for normality (complete samples). Biometrika 52, 591.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  34. Singer D.A., Berger V.I. & Moring B.C., 2008. Porphyry copper deposits of the world: Database and grade and tonnage models. website: https://Pubs.Usgs.Gov/of/2008/1155/ (accessed on: 20.08.2025).
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  35. Sobianowska-Turek A., 2018. Hydrometallurgical recovery of metals: Ce, La, Co, Fe, Mn, Ni and Zn from the stream of used Ni-MH cells. Waste Management 77, 213–219.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  36. Sokal R.R. & Rohlf F.J., 1962. The comparison of dendro-grams by objective methods. Taxon 11, 33–40.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  37. Tang J. & Steenari B.M., 2015. Solvent extraction separation of copper and zinc from MSWI fly ash leachates. Waste Management 44, 147–154.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  38. U.S. Geological Survey, 2021. 2021 Minerals Yearbook. web-site: https://Pubs.Usgs.Gov (accessed on 20.08.2025).
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  39. U.S. Geological Survey, 2024. Mineral Commodity Summaries. website: https://Pubs.Usgs.Gov/Periodicals/ Mcs2024 (accessed on 20.08.2025).
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  40. Valero A. & Valero A., 2014. Thanatia: the destiny of the Earth’s mineral resources. A thermodynamic cradle to cradle assessment. World Scientific, Singapore, 629 pp.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  41. Wang P., Li J., Hu Y. & Cheng H., 2023. Solidification and stabilization of Pb–Zn mine tailing with municipal solid waste incineration fly ash and ground granulated blast-furnace slag for unfired brick fabrication. Environmental Pollution 321, 121135.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  42. Wong S., Mah A.X.Y., Nordin A.H., Nyakuma B.B., Ngadi N., Ma, R., Amin N.A.S., Ho W.S. & Lee T.H., 2020. Emerging trends in municipal solid waste incineration ashes research: a bibliometric analysis from 1994 to 2018. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 27, 7757–7784.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  43. Yakubu Y., Zhou J., Ping D., Shu Z. & Chen Y., 2018. Effects of pH dynamics on solidification/stabilization of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash. Journal of Environmental Management 207, 243–248.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  44. Zierold K.M. & Odoh C., 2020. A review on fly ash from coal-fired power plants: chemical composition, regulations, and health evidence. Reviews on Environmental Health 35, 401–418.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14746/logos.2025.31.3.16 | Journal eISSN: 2080-6574 | Journal ISSN: 1426-8981
Journal RSS Feed
Language: English
Page range: 201 - 213
Submitted on: Aug 30, 2025
|
Accepted on: Sep 23, 2025
|
Published on: Dec 31, 2025
Published by: Adam Mickiewicz University
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 3 issues per year
Keywords:
Fly ash,
critical raw materials,
exploratory data analysis,
municipal solid waste incineration,
sustainable circular econom
Related subjects:
Geosciences,
Geophysics,
Geology and mineralogy,
Geosciences, other

© 2025 Barbara Bielowicz, Monika Chuchro, published by Adam Mickiewicz University
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Previous articleVolume 31 (2025): Issue 3 (December 2025)Next article